LIBRARY
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.
Class
THE
"AGFA"-BOOK
OF
Photographic Formulae
Edited by
GEORGE L. BARROWS
Published by
BERLIN ANILINE WORKS
213-215 Water St., New York
1910
r/e
S"
COPYRIGHT
1910
BERLIN ANILINE WORKS
Foreword
The object of this book is to give a clear and definite
explanation of the various "Agfa" developing agents, thereby
showing the most advantageous developer to use in keeping
with the results you are after.
The successful working of any formula is its careful
preparation, and more especially its adaptability to the make
of plate, film or paper used.
We have, therefore, endeavored to secure the formula
first hand from the various makers of plates, films and papers,
and compiled these for your convenience.
221036
Introduction
We sometimes receive complaints from our customers to
the effect that a plate is said to be defective ; which, however,
on close examination generally turns out to be developed im-
properly. We therefore consider it a necessity to preface the
articles on developers with a few hints on the real causes and
on the avoidance of these conditions.
Pinholes or minute white specks are very common, and
are caused by small particles of dust settling on the plate or
film while it is being handled in loading the plate holder, mak-
ing the exposure, or developing, the developer thereby being
prevented from properly acting upon the sensitive film. To
avoid pinholes, carefully dust the plates, both when loading
and just before developing, using either a camel's hair brush or
a soft velvet covered pad, both of which must be kept clean and
dry. The camera should also be frequently and carefully
dusted inside.
Small white spots of clear gelatine are due to air bubbles
that cling to the surface of the film when in the developer,
and prevent the solution from acting upon that particular
place. They should be instantly removed with the finger or
a soft brush by rubbing lightly the plate or film. Bubbles will
not appear if the following rule is observed: Place the plate
in an empty tray and tilt the same slightly away from the
body; take the graduate in the right hand and pour the de-
veloper upon the plate, moving the graduate from side to side.
Another frequent cause of air bubbles is soaking the plate in
water before development or by pouring on the developer un-
evenly. A stale developer will generally cause trouble in this
respect. Care should be taken not to use water for diluting
a solution that has been drawn straight from a tap ; it should
be allowed to stand a while,:
6 THE "AGFA" BOOK
Streaks, unequal density, etc., are caused by not allow-
ing the developer to act evenly all over the plate, leaving parts
of the plate uncovered by the solution while developing, and by
failing to cover the entire plate quickly enough. The remedy
is to pour the developer as described above, using enough solu-
tion to immerse the plate, and then to rock the tray, keeping
the solution in motion until the plate is developed sufficiently.
This trouble usually occurs with a powerful, energetic devel-
oper and a fully exposed plate.
Now and then frilling of the film at the edges will occur.
This is due to the prolonged use of too warm a solution or to
a difference in the temperatures of developer, washing water
and fixing bath, all of which must be used at a temperature of
65 degrees Fahrenheit.
THE "AGFA" BOOK
"Agfa "-Metol
"Agfa"-Metol is a pure white crystalline
powder and one of the most energetic of mod-
ern developers, and it produces negatives of
great softness. It is peculiar in that it first
brings out all the detail and then gradually
builds up the density in perfect gradation.
"Agfa"-Metol is particularly useful in the de-
velopment of portrait or instantaneous work,
as it works up the image so rapidly. For this reason one
should be careful not to under-develop the negative as it will
lose some of its density in the fixing solution.
Due to its tendency to render soft negatives, full of detail
"Agfa"-Metol is often used in combination with "Agfa"-Hy-
drokinone or "Agfa"-Pyro, which tend to give more density
to the image.
While it is advisable to follow the formula recommended
by the manufacturers of the plates and papers that you are
using, and which are found in another part of this book, the
following solutions are recommended for general use:
CONCENTRATED SINGLE SOLUTION.
Dissolve First.
"Agfa"-Metol ^ oz.
Water 35 ozs.
And then add in succession
Sodium Sulphite, crystals 5 ozs.
Potassium Carbonate 2% ozs.
Potassium Bromide 30 grs.
8 THE "AGFA" BOOK
For use, this solution, which keeps well, has usually to
be diluted with three times its volume of water.
If thin negatives are desired, take less Potassium Car-
bonate (for example, only 230 grains), and also less or even
no Potassium Bromide.
If it be wished to have greater contrasts in the negative,
the developer is employed in a more concentrated solution, to
which more Potassium Bromide is added. For example, 77 to
150 grains of Potassium Bromide are used in preparing the
solution, which is diluted with only once or twice its volume of
water.
SEPARATE SOLUTIONS.
Recommended to those who prefer to work with this
method.
1.— Dissolve First
"Agfa"-Metol % oz.
Distilled Water 35 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite, crystals 5 ozs.
And shake until dissolved.
2. — Dissolve
Sodium Carbonate, crystals 5 ozs.
Distilled Water 70 ozs.
For use, mix, for example, No. I — 1 part with No. II — 2
parts.
According to the character of the plates, exposure, etc.,
add to every 3 ozs. of the prepared solution 5 to 10 drops of
a solution of Potassium Bromide (1 to 10).
"AGFA"-METOL-HYDROKINONE.
(ONE SOLUTION).
Has similar powers to "Agfa"-Pyro-Metol ; but as the re-
sulting negative is of a more actinic quality, development
needs to be fully carried out. This combination is the best
developer for bromide and gaslight papers, and, perhaps, the
THE "AGFA" BOOK 9
most popular on account of its adaptability to exposures of all
descriptions.
Water 44 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 90 grs.
Sodium Sulphite, crystals '. \l/2 ozs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 30 grs.
Potassium Carbonate 1A oz.
Potassuim Bromide 15 grs.
Dissolve "Agfa"-Metol first, then add the Sodium Sul-
phite, adding "Agfa"-Hydrokinone and carbonate last.
"AGFA"-METOL-HYDROKINONE.
This is a favorite all-round developer for Plates, Lanterns,
Slides, Bromide and Gaslight Papers :
A — As a single solution.
Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 12*/2 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 4 grs.
After thorough solution add —
Soda Sulphite, crystals 62 grs.
Potassium Carbonate 25 grs.
Potassium Bromide \l/\ grs.
This solution for normal development should be diluted
with an equal amount of water.
B — In two solutions.
A— Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 4 grs.
Soda Sulphite, crystals 80 grs.
Soda Phosphate 8 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 7 grs.
Hypo Solution, 10% 4 min.
B— Water 20 ozs.
Potassium Carbonate 2 ozs.
For use take equal parts of A and B,
10 THE "AGFA" BOOK
C — For Collodion Plates.
A— Water 25 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 60 grs.
B— Water 25 ozs.
Potassium Carbonate 4 ozs. 3 drms.
C— 95% Alcohol \2y2 ozs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 1J4 ozs.
D —Water 12 ozs.
Ammon. Bromide 1J4 °zs-
For use in half-tone work, especially in color process, mix
as follows:
A 200 minims, drams or parts.
B 200 minims, drams or parts.
C 10 minims, drams or parts.
D 8 minims, drams or parts.
Water 5 minims, drams or parts.
For photo gelatine and line work solutions C and D may
be doubled. The developer temperature must be 15 degrees
Cel. (65 Fahr.) ; development will then be complete in from
30 to 50 seconds.
The development of Bromide and Gaslight Papers may
be performed with the same solutions as given for plates.
"Agfa"-Metol alone gives gray-black tones; "Agfa"-Metol-
Hydrokinone blue-black tones.
"AGFA"-METOL-PYRO DEVELOPER.
This developer gives very strong and dense negatives :
Solution 1.
Water 25 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol ^ oz.
Pot. Metabisulphite 288 grs.
"Agfa"-Pyro # oz.
Solution 2.
Water 25 ozs.
Soda Carb 5 ozs.
THE "AGFA" BOOK 11
The heaviest density is obtained by taking 1 part of I and
2 parts of II and adding up to 5 drops of 10 per cent. Potas-
sium Bromide solution to every 2V* ozs. of solution.
By using less soda solution softer negatives are obtained.
PRICE LIST:
1 ounce bottle $ .75
4 ounce bottle 2.75
8 ounce bottle 5.25
16 ounce bottle 10.00
32 ounce bottle 19.75
12
THE "AGFA" BOOK
"Agfa "-Amidol
"Afga"-Amidol comes in the form of fine,
shiny crystals which sometimes assume a gray-
ish tint, but this does not have the slightest
effect on its developing properties.
It is a quick and powerful developer, gives
. excellent detail, and is easily soluble in water;
also differs from all others in that it acts in
the presence of sodium sulphite without the addition of any
alkali, which is a decided advantage, as strong solutions may
be used for prolonged development without ill-effects to the
emulsion or the fingers.
"Agfa" -Amidol is also excellent for lantern slides, bro-
mide and gaslight papers, rendering rich blue-black tones with-
out fog, and being a single solution developer its simplicity
and activeness are worthy of consideration when a large num-
ber of prints are to be made.
"Agfa"-Amidol in solution deteriorates rapidly and should
be mixed just before use, but as it is readily soluble it can be
prepared in a few moments. The following method will ob-
viate the difficulty of rapid deterioration which is due to the
sulphite in the solution.
Make a stock solution as follows:
Water 25 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite Crystals 1*4 ozs.
Immediately before development add 3 grains of "Agfa"-Amidol
to every 1% ounces of above solution. In case of over-exposure, add
to every ounce of solution 40 to 60 drops of a 10 per cent, solution
of Potassium Bromide.
THE "AGFA" BOOK 13
For Bromide enlargements prepare the following stock
solution :
Sodium Sulphite 1 oz.
Citric Acid 20 grs.
Potassium Bromide 15 grs.
Water 40 ozs.
Just before use add to each ounce of stock solution "Agfa"-Amidol
(dry) 3 grains.
Give a full exposure.
It is necessary to observe the following precautions when
using "Agfa"- Amidol.
1. Potassium Bromide solution (10 per cent.) has a
clearing effect when used in small quantities, and only when
used freely does it have a restraining effect.
2. Use only the very freshest Sodium Sulphite, and one
that is free from the white powdery oxidization.
3. Develop a little more than appears necessary, as the
negative looses density slightly in the fixing bath.
4. Diluted solutions do not keep, although they give no
visible sign of loss of power and do not discolor. The concen-
trated solution cannot be considered of good keeping prop-
erties.
For Gaslight Papers, use the first formula ; the addition
of Bromide gives an olive-green black tone; without Bromide
the tones are blue-black.
PRICE LIST.
1 ounce bottle $ 75
4 ounce bottle. 2.75
8 ounce bottle 5.25
16 ounce bottle 10.00
32 ounce bottle 19.75
14 THE "AGFA" BOOK
Agfa"-Eikonogen
"Agfa"-Eikonogen is supplied in powder
form. It is suitable to all methods of devel-
opment, giving negatives of harmonious de-
tail, and is, therefore, much favored by many
of the leading workers.
It has the special quality of producing nega-
tives full of detail and softness, even when de-
velopment has been forced. This characteristic indicates that
"Agfa"-Eikonogen is invaluable for snapshots, flashlights and
for conditions when there has been great contrast in the light-
ing of the subject.
An admirable developer is produced by mixing "Agfa"-
Eikonogen with "Agfa"-Hydrokinone, uniting as it does, the
softness and detail of the former with the density-giving power
of the latter. A good formula is given later on.
There is no developer on the market more powerful or more
capable of producing the best results than "Agfa"-Eikonogen.
It is invaluable as a medium for developing under-exposures,
bringing out all detail without harsh contrasts.
Cold solutions give less density than those used at the cor-
rect temperature, which is 65 degrees Fahr. Should the so-
lution be warmer the density is very much intensified. This
characteristic of "Agfa"-Eikonogen is demonstrated when dry
plates that produce heavy contrasts are used.
Solutions which have been repeatedly used assume gradu-
ally a darker tone, but their strength reduces very slowly.
FORMULA FOR DEVELOPMENT.
/. — Concentrated Single Solution.
Sodium Sulphite, crystals -3 ozs.
Potassium Carbonate, pure ll/£ ozs.
"Agfa"-Eikonogen ^A oz.
Boiling water 25 ozs.
THE "AGFA" BOOK IS
While still warm the mixture is put into bottles which must
be tightly corked.
Provided that boiling water and perfectly fresh Sodium
Sulphite are used, this solution will keep in good condition for
an indefinite time.
If the developer proves to be too strong, it should be di-
luted with water as found necessary.
If especially soft negatives be desired, only about one-half
of the usual quantity of Potassium Carbonate should be used in
preparing solution.
If over-exposure be suspected, development should be
commenced with a fresh, undiluted solution, an abundance of
a 10 per cent, solution of Potassium Bromide being added, or,
what is better still, an old developing solution, which has beeri
repeatedly used, should be employed.
II.— Separate Solutions.
This formula is recommended to those who prefer to pre-
pare the developing solution only shortly before using it:
Solution A.
Sodium Sulphite Crystals ......... 2 ozs
"
,
Agfa"-Eikonogen .............................. y2 Qz
Solution B.
Sodium Carbonate, crystals ............... 1*4 ozs
Water ..................................... ...".10 ozs'.
For use, 3 parts of Solution A are mixed with 1 part of
Solution B.
For use in developing Bromide Papers, Formula I or
Formula II, as employed for dry plates, should be further di-
luted with 2 or 3 times its volume of water. Under certain
circumstances, however, for particularly brilliant pictures, these
developers are used undiluted, a few drops of a 10 per cent, so-
lution of Potassium Bromide being added.
16 THE "AGFA" BOOK
We recommend, also, the following combined developer :
"AGFA"-EIKO-PYRO.
A— Water, Distilled 16 ozs.
Soda Sulphite, crystals 11A ozs.
"Agfa"-Eikonogen 54 oz-
"Agfa"-Pyrogallic Acid Y* oz.
Sulphuric Acid 5 drops.
B— Water, Distilled 16 ozs.
Soda Carbonate, crystals 2 ozs.
For use, take Solution A, 1 part; Solution B, 1 part;
water, 6 to 8 parts.
PRICE LIST.
1 ounce can $ .37
4 ounce can 1.20
8 ounce can 2.10
16 ounce can 3.95
THE "AGFA" BOOK
IT
"Agfa "-Glycln
"Agfa"-Glycin comes in flake crystals and
is soluble in Sulphite Sodium solution, but
more so in Carbonic Alkali.
"Agfa"-Glycin has two characteristics
which make it valuable as a developer: it de-
velops very clearly, and its action is under
easy control. It also has the further advan-
tage of giving particularly "clean" negatives,
and is for that reason a very popular devel-
oper for black-and-white work, being used ex-
tensively by makers of half-tone and other reproduction blocks.
It gives good density with a beautiful transparency in the
shadows, without loss of detail and without any possibility of
stain. The resultant negative is very fine grained, for which
reason "Agfa"-Glycin is especially recommended for the de-
velopment of photo-micrographs.
"Agfa"-Glycin belongs to the slow-working class of devel-
opers and is, therefore, peculiarly suitable for tank develop-
ment and for uncertain exposures.
FORMULA NO. I.
Solution A.
Distilled Water 25 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite 2y2 ozs.
"Agfa"-Glycin ^ oz.
Dissolve with gentle heat.
Solution B.
Distilled Water 12^ ozs.
Potassium Carbonate 21/* ozs.
18 THE "AGFA" BOOK
For correctly exposed plates use —
Solution A 2y2 ozs.
Solution B 1J4 ozs.
Water 2^ ozs.
To obtain less contrast use —
Solution A 1 oz.
Solution B 1J4 ozs.
Water 4 ozs.
To obtain more contrast use —
Solution A 3^4 ozs.
Solution B \l/4, ozs.
Water \Y4 oz.
If over-exposure is feared add to any of these mixtures a
few drops of 10 per cent, solution of Potassium Bromide.
FORMULA FOR TANK DEVELOPMENT.
"Agfa"-Glycin 30 grs.
Water 18 to 38 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite, crystal 30 grs.
Potassium Carbonate 225 grs.
For normal or under-exposed plates take the smaller
quantity of water. For over-exposures take the full quantity.
Time l/2 to I hour.
"AGFA"-GLYCIN TANK FORMULA.
"Agfa"-Glycin 120 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 360 grs.
Sodium Carbonate (Anhyd) 360 grs.
Water 35 ozs.
For use take 1 part of above solution to 3 parts water.
Time, 20 minutes. Temperature, 65-70 degrees.
THE "AGFA" BOOK
"AGFA"-GLYCIN-METOL FORMULA.
Hot Water 96 ozs..
"Agfa"-Metol 40 grs.
"Agfa"-Glycin 20 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) .' 75 grs.
Potassium Carbonate (Anhyd) 300 grs.
Time, 45 minutes. Temperature, 65 degrees.
PRICE LIST.
1 ounce bottle $ 75
4 ounce bottle 2.75
8 ounce bottle 5.25
16 ounce bottle 10.00
32 ounce bottle.. 19.75
20
THE "AGFA" BOOK
Afifa"-Ortol
"Agfa"-Ortol comes as a coarse crystal
powder, very soluble in water and in its dry
state, guarded from light, it keeps unchanged
for an indefinite period.
"Agfa"-Ortol is a quick and powerful de-
veloper, giving negatives closely resembling
those produced by "Agfa"-Pyro; but, as the
deposit is of a more actinic nature, develop-
ments need to be carried further than is apparently sufficient
to obtain a clean printing negative.
"Agfa"-Ortol produces excellent gradations and ample
density; it may be used over and over again, and apparently
does not lose its power as soon as some other developers.
"AGFA"-ORTOL SODA FORMULA.
Solution 1.
Water, Cold 10 ozs.
Potassium Metabisulphite 35 grs.
"Agfa"-Ortol 70 grs.
Solution 2.
Water 10 ozs.
Sodium Carbonate, crystals \V\ ozs.
Sodium Sulphite, crystals 124 ozs.
Potassium Bromide 5-10 grs.
"Agfa"-0rtol Potash. For those who prefer a solution
containing Potash, replace the Sodium Carbonate in Solution
No. 2 with half the quantity of Potassium Carbonate (24 oz.).
For rapid development take one part of Solution No. 1,
and one part of Solution No. 2.
For slow and softer development take one part of Solution
No. 1, one part of Solution No. 2, and one part of water.
THE "AGFA" BOOK 21
"Agfa"-Ortol gives clear negatives of great density, hav-
ing a fine brownish-black color. The picture appears in about
20 seconds, and is completely developed at the end of four or
five minutes.
If still more rapid development, more density and a
browner color be desired, the Sodium Sulphite may be omitted
in preparing Solution No. 2.
By modifying the proportions of Solutions Nos. 1 and 2,
the developer may be adapted to every make of plate. If more
of Solution No. 1 and less of Solution No. 2 be taken, harder
negatives will be obtained ; if less of No. 1 and more of No. 2
be taken, softer negatives will be obtained.
Potassium Bromide, 10 per cent, solution, has a very great
retarding effect on the developer's action, whereas Caustic
Potash, 10 per cent, solution, acts as an energetic accelerates
The same developing bath may be used several times. It
keeps for a long period in well-stopped bottles, if Solution No.
2 be made up with Sodium Sulphite, according to the formula.
If the Sodium Sulphite be omitted, the devolper, after having
been once used, remains good only for the same day.
Developing solutions of "Agfa"-Ortol which have turned
brown are exhausted and should not be used.
FORMULA FOR TANK DEVELOPMENT.
Water 20 ozs.
"Agfa"-Ortol 10 grs.
Potassium Metabisulphite 5 grs.
Sodium Sulphite 65 grs.
Sodium Carbonate 65 grs.
Time, 30 minutes. Temperature, 65 degrees.
PRICE LIST.
1 ounce bottle 75
4 ounce bottle ' $2.75
8 ounce bottle 5.25
16 ounce bottle 10.00
32 ounce bottle.. . 19.75
22
THE "AGFA" BOOK
"Agfa "-
Pyro^allic Acid
(Pyo)
"Agfa"-Pyrogallic Acid comes either re-
sublimed or in the crystal form. Both are
easily soluble in water, giving a clear
solution.
"AGFA"-PYRO-SODA FORMULA.
Solution A.
Distilled Water 17% ozs.
Sodium Sulphite 3J4 ozs.
"Agfa"- Pyro 215 grs.
Sulphuric Acid 5 to 10 drops
Solution B.
Sodium Carbonate 770 grs.
Distilled Water tflA ozs.
For use, take equal parts A, B and water.
Both solutions keep well in stopped bottles.
"AGFA"-PYRO POTASH FORMULA.
Solution A.
Distilled Water 3l/2 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite 1 oz.
"Agfa"-Pyro 154 grs.
Sulphuric Acid 3 to 8 drops
Solution B.
Distilled Water 7 ozs.
Potassium Carbonate 3 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite 1 oft.
For use take equal parts A, B and water.
THE "AGFA" BOOK 23
"AGFA"-PYRO METOL FORMULA.
(This developer gives very strong negatives.)
Solution 1.
Water, Distilled , 25 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol K oz.
Potass. Metabisulphite 288 grs.
"Agfa"-Pyro % oz.
Solution 2
Water, Distilled 25 ozs.
Sodium Carbonate 5 ozs.
The greatest density is obtained by using one part No. 1
and two parts No. 2, adding five drops of 10% solution Potas-
sium Bromide to every 2y2 ozs. of solution.
By using less solution No. 2 softer negatives are obtained.
FORMULA FOR TANK DEVELOPMENT.
Solution 1.
Water, Distilled 28 ozs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
Sulphuric Acid 20 drops
Solution No. 2.
Water, Distilled 28 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd.) 3 ozs.
Sodium Carbonate (Anhyd.) 3 ozs.
For use take 1 oz. solution No. 1, 1 oz. solution No. 2 and
24 oz. water ; time, 20 minutes ; temperature, 65 degrees.
PRICE LIST.
1 ounce can $ .25
4 ounce can 70
8 ounce can 1.30
16 ounce can 2.50
5 pound can 10.00
10 pound can
2+ THE "AGFA" BOOK
«« A ^i£^ 99
Asia
Hydrokinone
(Quinol)
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone comes in fine crystal-
line needles, and is capable of giving great den-
sity and of being easily restrained.
It is recommended for use in combination
with Potassium Carbonate. Owing to its giv-
ing great density "Agfa"-Hydrokinone is gen-
erally used in combination with a softer working developer
such as "Agfa"-Metol or "Agfa"-Eikonogen. The following
formula we recommend for a single Hydrokinone developer
and it is of good keeping qualities :
"AGFA"-HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Water, Distilled 15 ozs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone l/2 oz.
Sodium Sulphite 4 ozs.
Potassium Carbonate 7 ozs.
For use dilute with four to six parts of water.
Potassium Bromide has a great restraining power in con-
nection with this developer and is a preventive of fog. This
solution should be used at a temperature of about 65 degrees,
a colder solution working very slowly.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone is recommended in combination with
"Agfa"-Metol and "Agfa"-Eikonogen, formulae for which
will be found under "Agfa"-Metol and "Agfa"-Eikonogen
headings.
PRICE LIST.
1 ounce can 17
4 ounce can 45
8 ounce can 80
16 ounce can 1 50
5 pound can 6.25
10 pound can 10.00
'Agfa"
Photographic Specialties
26 THE "AGFA" BOOK
"A#a"-Rodinal
(Patented)
"Agfa"-Rodinal is a highly concentrated
developing solution which must be diluted with
anywhere from 10 to 40 parts of tap or spring
water, according to the exposure given and
the make of plate.
As "Agfa"-Rodinal contains only traces of
carbonic alkalies, the use of distilled water for
dilution is not necessary. In connection with
the use of "Agfa"-Rodinal the following re-
marks should be carefully noted :
In addition to neutral sulphite and water "Agfa"-Rodinal
contains only an alkaline salt of Paramidophenol, but no excess
of caustic alkali.
"Agfa"-Rodinal has excellent keeping qualities. This
applies not only to full bottles but also to those that have been
opened and partly used. Although it has been observed that
in opened bottles "Agfa"-Rodinal becomes darker in color,
still this change produces no noticeable effects upon the work-
ing properties of the solution. As is the case with all other
dilute alkaline developers "Agfa"-Rodinal when prepared for
use by the addition of a large proportion of water, naturally
does not keep quite so well. After standing some days the
solution assumes a reddish tinge and gradually loses in devel-
oping power. If it be desired to keep "Agfa"-Rodinal in a
diluted condition for a long time, add instead of water a solu-
tion containing 5 to 10 per cent, of pure sodium sulphite (crys-
tals) or half the quantity of dry or granular salt.
Owing to the highly concentrated character of "Agfa"-
Rodinal small quantities of a white salt are deposited, espe-
THE "AGFA" BOOK 27
cially in opened bottles, when the preparation is kept for a
long time. This deposit does not affect the developer in any
waj. It is formed by the action of the air on the sulphite
added to preserve the Paramidophenol salt, to which addition
the keeping quality of "Agfa"-Rodinal is due. In no way is
the energy of the developer affected thereby.
"Agfa"-Rodinal is adaptable to every kind of dry plate on
the market, rapid or slow, and of every make. It is hardly
necessary to add that, with the same methods of workings, dif-
ferent makes of plates will not give equally good results. When
' diluted in the proportion of from 1 in 10 to 1 in 20 "Agfa"-
Rodinal develops very quickly and produces very strong con-
trasts. When further diluted — in the proportion of from 1 in
30 to 1 in 40 — the development is slower and softer contrasts
are obtained. From this it follows that plates which have a
tendency to strong contrasts must be treated with a more dilute
solution of "Agfa"-Rodinal, while for other kinds a more con-
centrated solution should be used.
"Agfa"-Rodinal is therfore more handy to use than any
other developer ; it produces perfect negatives, clear, clean and
of perfect gradation in the lights, halftones and shadows.
TO DEVELOP.
In case of normal exposure develop with
"Agfa"-Rodinal 1 part
Water 20 parts
In case of over-exposure, with
"Agfa"-Rodinal 1 part
Water 10 to 20 parts
adding an ample quantity of a solution of potassium bromide
(1 in 10) and
In case of under exposure use
"Agfa"-Rodinal 1 part
Water 20 to 40 parts
The most advantageous temperature for the developing
solution is 15 degrees C. (equal to 59 degrees F.).
28 THE "AGFA" BOOK
If it be desired to work more slowly with a strong solution
of "Agfa"-Rodinal (1 in 10 to 1 in 20) an abundance of a 10
per cent, solution of potassium bromide must be added. This
addition lengthens the time of development without influencing
the character of the negative as much as in the case of the other
alkaline developers.
Treated with a solution of "Agfa"-Rodinal (1 in 20) an
over exposed plate gives a negative rich in detail but thin. Over
exposed plates are advantageously treated with a strong solu-
tion of "Agfa"-Rodinal (1 in 20, to 1 in 10) to which a con-
siderable quantity of a 10 per cent, solution of potassium bro-
mide has been added. In this way it is possible to obtain even
from over exposed plates negatives showing the finest details
and rich in contrasts.
In case of under exposure a strong solution of "Agfa"-
Rodinal will produce too much contrast. The high lights will
disappear while the shadow details are coming up. Under
exposed plates are therefore best developed with a more dilute
solution of "Agfa"-Rodinal (1 in 30, to 1 in 40). The devel-
opment takes somewhat longer, but on the other hand, the
reproduction of the lighting of the subject is perfect and more
harmonious. Should the negative be somewhat thin it may be
strengthened by means of an intensifier. "Agfa"-Intensifier is
especially recommended in this case.
The fact that a concentrated solution of "Agfa"-Rodinal
produces more contrast, while a dilute solution works more
softly, affords a valuable means of correcting any shortcom-
ings in the lighting of the subject. Negatives taken in a vivid
light — for example, street views by sunlight — are usually best
treated with a weak solution of "Agfa"-Rodinal (1 in 25, to
1 in 35), while views taken in diffused light — for example,
landscapes in cloudy weather — should be treated with a con-
centrated solution (1 in 20, to 1 in 15), to which a little potas-
sium bromide should be added.
It follows from the foregoing that it is well to begin de-
velopment with "Agfa"-Rodinal diluted in the proportion of 1
THE "AGFA" BOOK 29
in 30 and then if necessary to correct by adding drop by drop
a solution composed as follows :
"Agfa"-Rodinal 1 oz.
Potassium Bromide, Crystals 1/3 oz.
Water .'< 1 oz.
Negatives developed with Rodinal seem to lose density in
the fixing bath. It is therefore necessary to carry development
a little further than is required.
"AGFA'VRODINAL
FOR BROMIDE AND GASLIGHT PAPERS.
"Agfa"-Rodinal is eminently suitable for the development
of bromide papers on account of its economy in use, efficiency
and cleanliness. It produces an image with clear high lights
and full detail, with soft and pleasing blacks, and stain is an
impossibility.
For ordinary bromide papers take
"Agfa'VRodinal 1 part
Water Up to 100 parts
The resultant tone varies from a pleasing blue-black to a
rich grey-black and is dependent upon the proportions of the
solution, strong solutions giving a blue-black color, while dilute
solutions produce more of a grey tone. On the other hand,
the strength of the solution must depend very much on the
exposure, so that it is impossible to give a correct formula, but
every worker can easily learn from experience what exposures
require certain strengths of developer to produce a certain
color. There is some advantage in developing with a weak
solution in that a strong solution may be applied locally to
bring out certain parts of a picture which otherwise would not
be fully developed or prominent enough by the time the remain-
der of the picture is finished.
& THE "AGFA" BOOK:
For developing papers take
"Agfa"-Rodinal 1 part
Water 15-20 parts.
Add 10 per cent, potassium bromide solution, 3 drops per ounce
of solution.
"AGFA"-RODINAL
FOR LANTERN SLIDES AND TRANSPARENCIES.
The use of "Agfa"-Rodinal for the production of lantern
slides is highly recommended because of the vivid detail, the
clearness of the shadows and cleanliness of the high lights. The
formula recommended is 1 part of "Agfa"-Rodinal to 30 parts
of water, without the addition of bromide. Bear in mind when
developing the characteristic loss of strength in an "Agfa"-
Rodinal-developed image which occurs in the fixing bath, the
final color is a rich blue-black and is very transparent, produc-
ing ideal slides for projection.
"AGFA"-RODINAL HYDROKINONE.
The use of "Agfa"-Rodinal Hydrokinone is advocated by
many leading and experienced workers, as it combines the
power and detail obtainable with "Agfa"-Rodinal together
with the density given by "Agfa"-Hydrokinone. It is admir-
ably calculated for snapshots, and highly recommended for
portrait work when used in the quantities indicated below :
A — Sodium Sulphite 1 oz.
Water 20 ozs.
Citric Acid 5 grs.
Potassium Bromide 1 drm.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 2 drms.
B — Potassium Carbonate 2 ozs.
Water 20 ozs.
"Agfa"-Rodinal 1 oz.
TH£ "AGFA" BOOK &
For soft negatives (portraits, etc.) take equal parts of A,
B and water. For brilliant negatives take equal parts of A
and B.
For detail, increase the quantity of B. For density, in-
crease the qnantity of A.
PRICE LIST.
3 ounce bottle $ .60
8 ounce bottle 1.10
16 ounce bottle.. . 2.00
THE "AGFA" BOOK
Agfa"-Intensifier
"Agfa"-Intensifier is introduced to replace
the ordinary mode of intensification with Mer-
cury or Uranium, and presents the following
advantages :
Intensification is absolutely complete in one
manipulation, without the troublesome second-
ary blackening with Ammonia, Cyanide of Sil-
ver or Soda Sulphite, which is necessary when
the mercury process is employed, the image, when intensified
with "Agfa"-Intensifier, assuming the desired depth at once.
"Agfa"-Intensifier gives no unstable reddish-brown stain,
which occurs with Uranium, making it difficult to decide when
the necessary degree of intensification has arrived.
"Agfa"-Intensifier is a clear liquid of unlimited durability,
which is simply diluted with water to be ready for immediate
use.
"Agfa"-Intensifier is, therefore, an ideal substitute for
former intensifiers.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE.
Dilute 1 part of "Agfa"-Intensifier with 10 parts of water
and immerse the negative to be intensified in the dilute solution,
leaving it in this bath until the necessary intensification is
arrived at, which can be judged with facility.
Intensification commences immediately, and at the expi-
ration of two minutes is well advanced, and in many cases
is quite sufficient.
The maximum intensification is complete in the first ten
minutes. If the plate be left in the solution for a longer period
THE "AGFA" BOOK 33
the image assumes a whitish-grey tone and is rendered more
opaque.
In this case the plate should be well washed and then
developed with any weak developer, when a very strongly
intensified image will result.
The intensified negative is then well washed and dried.
All traces of the intensifier may be removed, if necessary, by
immersing the plate in a 1 per cent, solution of Soda Hypo-
sulphite.
"Agfa"-Intensifier can be used with great advantage in
photo-mechanical reproduction for the intensification of half-
tone negatives.
With the "Agfa"-Intensifier there is no separate blacken-
ing such as is required by the ordinary mercury intensifier.
The manipulation is therefore not only simpler, but the effect
. of intensification can be controlled more easily than in the
separate blackening operations.
The "Agfa"-Intensifier is to be preferred, because only
one solution is required. Further, because the danger of a for-
mation of fog does not exist.
The blackening can be extended so far with the "Agfa"-
Intensifier that mercuric bromide intensification is surpassed in
this respect.
PRICE LIST.
2 ounce bottle $ .30
4 ounce bottle 50
8 ounce bottle 90
16 ounce bottle . . 1.60
34
THE "AGFA" BOOK
Agfa "-Rapid
Fixing Salt
This product, being dissolved
in water, gives an acid fixing
bath that surpasses all previous
methods of fixing.
1. It fixes much more quickly
than any other bath containing
an equal quantity of hypo.
2. The period of fixation is not
appreciably extended by repeated use of the bath.
We have found by the most careful testing that a plate only
requires about half the time in this new bath that is necessary
in the baths generally in use (for instance, in the usual hypo
bath of "1 in 4" strength). The absorption power of the prod-
uct is much greater, thus, in 3^ ozs. 10 negatives only require
one-fourth the time and 20 negatives only one-fifth the time
taken by the ordinary fixing bath.
On these grounds it is claimed that the "Agfa" Rapid
Fixing Salt is a most welcome and useful addition to the pho-
tographer's means of certain and rapid work, especially where,
as in the case of travelling and in hot climates, it is desirable
to get the negative through the various manipulations as
quickly as possible.
To Professional, Press and Process Workers it is a great
boon, permitting much more rapid work and removing the old
annoyance and danger of congestion of work at the fixing bath.
Further, it is a wonderful help in the development of
strips of roll film, and to amateurs, who can go on developing
without the tiresome waiting for the last negative to fix.
THE "AGFA" BOOK 35
Trials with this preparation show that a solution of 1 in
5 gives an acid fixing bath that is much more rapid in action
than a solution of hypo 1-4. Also remains much longer in use,
and its superiority is more marked the more plates are fixed
in it.
The "Agfa"-Rapid Fixing Salt is an ammonia preparation
and its solution 1-5 does not contain more thiosulphite than the
usual hypo bath of 1-4, although the reduction of silver bromide
is so much more rapid.
PRICE LIST.
No. 1 size $.15
No. 2 size 25
36
THE "AGFA" BOOK
66
a "-Copper-
Intensifier
This is a new preparation which we have
brought out after a most strenuous search for
a preparation that would not contain the Mer-
cury Salt.
It has the following great advantages: Requires one
manipulation, no secondary treatment, such as blackening,
needed. It is put up in dry form in a container, the stopper of
which serves as a measuring glass. The contents of this stop-
per dissolved in 3^ ozs. of water gives an intensifier of beau-
tiful working ability.
PRICE LIST.
50 grm. bottle $ .65
Box of 10 tubes.. . .85
THE "AGFA" BOOK
37
*'A^fa "-Reducer
In order to simplify the manipulations of the
photographic worker we have brought out a
reducer in a permanent form under this title.
The "Agfa"-Reducer claims notice on account
of its convenience in enabling a "ready-for-
use" solution, to be instantly prepared by sim-
ply dissolving it in water : 1 part to 10 parts of water.
The "Agfa"-Reducer is very permanent in its dry form
and is packed in a most convenient manner, so that a solution
can at once be prepared without scales and weights.
The "Agfa"-Reducer, which is a novel and specially pre-
pared combination of a ferric salt and an alkali thiosulphite,
comes into the market as a granular yellowish-white powder
contained in an orange-glass bottle fitted with a metal screw
cap. Underneath the cap is a glass stopper, provided with an
India-rubber washer, so that when the cap is properly screwed
down an air-tight joint is made. The underside of the stopper
is hollow and serves as a very convenient measure for the sub-
stance. When filled level to the top it holds about 5 grms.,
the proper quantity of the sub-
stance for making 50 centimetres
of solution.
In order to prepare the Reducer,
the measure full of the solid is dis-
solved in 50 cubic centimetres (1^4
fluid ozs.) of soft or distilled water,
the solution being easily and quickly
made without heating, if the water
is vigorously shaken for a short
time. The quantity is ample for a
quarter-plate or 5x4 negative, and in a really flat dish can be
made to answer for a half-plate. But, if necessary, a larger
38 THE "AGFA" BOOK
quantity of the solution can, of course, be made up, the solid
substance and the water being always kept in the same pro-
portion, i. e., two measures of the solid for 100 cubic centi-
metres (3^2 fluid ozs.) of water, and so on.
The best plan is to turn the measured solid substance on
to a piece of paper, and then gradually drop it into the water,
which should be kept in motion. If the solid is thrown in a
mass into still water it is liable to form a kind of cake, with the
result that the process of dissolving takes considerably more
time.
The solution is poured over the negative, previously well
soaked in water, and the dish is rocked gently. The reducing
action begins almost immediately, proceeds regularly, and takes
place in a remarkably even manner. The change is readily
watched, and when reduction has gone far enough the negative
is well rinsed with water, and afterwards well washed in the
ordinary way, and the process is complete. Nothing could be
more simple. The time required varies with the degree of
reduction desired and also, to some extent, with the nature of
the plate (harness of the gelatine, etc.), but, in ordinary
cases of over-developed negatives five minutes is ususally suf-
ficient. Lantern slides and diapositives can also be satisfactorily
reduced in the same way. The color, if originally warm, be-
comes somewhat colder after reduction.
Bromide prints can likewise be successfully reduced by
the "Agfa"-Reducer, though, if the desired reduction is slight,
it is advisable to dilute the Reducer. Contrary to what happens
in the case of diapositives, the color seems to be, as a rule, a
little warmer after reduction. The process is very convenient
in the case of slightly over-printed Bromide prints.
Direct experiments made by printing on Print-Out Papers
from the same negatives before and after reductions show that
the action of the "Agfa"-Reducer is practically proportional
to the capacity of the image, and consequently the gradations
and contrasts of the negatives are substantially the same before
and after the reduction. For this reason the "Agfa"-Reducer
THE "AGFA" BOOK 39
is especially valuable in the case of negatives and positives that
have been over-developed without being fogged. There is a
slight tendency toward increased contrasts in the reduced nega-
tive, but in most cases only very slight.
It is important to mention that soft or distilled water must
be used for making up the reducing solution, as when hard
water is used a certain quantity of a brown precipitate is
formed. If, through the use of hard water, the negative or the
positive should acquire a slightly brownish-yellow stain, this
can readily be removed by immersion for a short time in a
weak alum solution to which a small quantity of oxalic acid
has been added.
The same quantity of reducing solution can be used for
two or three negatives in succession, though its action naturally
becomes weaker, and it is important that it should not be ex-
posed for any length of time to bright daylight. The solid
substance itself should also be kept in the shade.
The "Agfa"-Reducer is not only efficient and easily
worked, but it is also particularly convenient, a point of im-
portance in view of the fact that reduction is only an occasional
operation. It is very compact in form, and is always ready for
use. The making up of the solution is simple and rapid, and
involves no weighing.
It has been decided to put the "Agfa"-Reducer in cartridge
form as well as in bottles.
Each cartridge contains 10 grms., and is to be dissolved in
3l/2 ozs. of water (100 c. c.), the other operations being the
same.
PRICE LIST.
4 ounce bottle $ .65
Box of 10 tubes . .75
THE "AGFA" BOOK
Flashlight
Powder.
(Called "Adfa"-Blitzlicht)
"Agfa"-Blitzlicht is a scientific
combination of chemicals of a dif-
ferent composition than the usual
Magnesium and Potassium Chlo-
rate mixture and possess the follow-
ing undisputed advantages:
1. Minimum smoke development.
2. Maximum amount of light.
3. The most rapid flash.
4. Silent discharge.
5. No danger of explosion.
6. Convenient packing.
7. Economy in use.
The claims we make on behalf of the small smoke devel-
opment are that the "Agfa"-Flashlight Powder gives only one-
tenth of the smoke produced by the usual magnesium and po-
tassium chlorate mixture. Besides which, owing to the greater
light development, "Agfa"-Flashlight only needs to be used in
small quantities which, apart from economy, is a potential
factor in the reduction of the smoke nuisance. What little
smoke there is is a bluish transparent film which quickly rolls
off and disappears. The great lighting power makes the
"Agfa"-Flashlight very economical; the intensity and actinic
power is three times as great as any other preparation used in
the same proportions.
THE "AGFA" BOOK 41
For instance :
For portraits use 54 grni. (4 grs.)
Small groups use 1 grm. ( IS grs.)
Large groups use 2-3 grms. (30-45 grs.)
Very large groups use 4-6 grms. (60-90 grs.)
The further advantage of rapid' combustion is also impor-
tant, the "flash" lasting in all only l-30th of a second. This
extraordinary short duration (maximum intensity is reached at
l-20th of a second) quite removes any possibility of movement
in the subject. The firing takes place without the slightest
noise. "Agfa"-Flashlight contains nothing explosive, and the
separated components render it, before fixing, not even in-
flammable.
It keeps indefinitely in the original package.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE.
Empty the contents of the small bottle into the larger one
(glass bottle).
Shake thoroughly so as to intimately mix the components ;
make a little heap on a piece of tin or wood, and stick a piece
of the touch paper upright in the heap. Light this paper with
a match and the sparks will quickly run down to and ignite the
powder.
Other sparking methods may be employed, but the powder
must not be used in a closed or blow-through lamp.
The "Agfa" Improved Lamp is recommended for cer-
tainty and noiselessness.
As a guide to the quantity of "Agfa"-Flash Powder it
must be remembered that the quantity of light required at a
given distance to illuminate a given object does not imply that
twice the quantity of powder will give the same illumination
at double the distance. It is an accepted fact that the intensity
of light decreases in proportion to the square of the distance.
Therefore, although we know that y2 a gramme of the powder
will give correct exposure on a C. D. V. portrait at a distance
42 THE "AGFA" BOOK
of two yards, we must make a little calculation to find what
quantity we want if we have to take larger surfaces.
Now, remembering always that the flash must not occur
in front of the lens, we will suppose that to take a group we
have to move back the camera, and therefore the flash, to five
yards. By the above rule we have to square the difference in
the distance and multiply the result by the quantity of powder ;
thus the difference between 2 yards and 5 yards is 3, and squar-
ing this, i. e., 3X3=9, so that we shall have 9 times less light
on the object than before; we must, therefore, multiply the J^
gramme by 9, and this gives us 4^ grammes as the correct
quantity.
This rule is constant as long as the lens aperture, etc.,
remain constant, so in taking a dinner party, should the chair-
man (presumably the principal object) be in the middle dis-
tance of the group, all will be well if the rule is followed, but
supposing he is in the extreme distance and the rule is fol-
lowed, the diners in the near foreground would be over-
exposed, so a certain amount of discretion must be used, and
the light must be elevated as high as possible; this will have
the result of putting the foreground into more or less shadow.
The intelligent reader can apply this to all interior sub-
jects. No diffuser is required with the "Agfa"-Flashlight
Powder, the light being naturally soft, but a plate giving soft
results is to be desired, as also a developer that does not work
for contrast; and in this respect Rodinal well diluted can be
highly recommended. Development should not be forced; it
is only a question of time, and a few minutes difference in the
developing period is of little consequence.
PRICE LIST.
No. 1 size ( 10 grms.) $ .35
No. 2 size ( 25 grms.) .65
No. 3 size ( 50 grms.) 1.05
No. 4 size (100 grms.) 1.70
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 43
"Agfa" -Flash Lamp
(PATENTED.)
Improved Model
This is marketed in place of the uncertain striking safety
match device. A spark-giving metal has been substituted, and
a winding spring revolves a toothed wheel against this metallic
substance, giving a stream of sparks at each revolution.
It is absolutely unfailing, is always ready for use at a
moment's notice, and not affected by damp or climatic in-
fluences.
The instrument is small in size, is elegantly finished in
nickeled metal and strongly built.
It is a handy pocket size and as simple as can be in
working.
Many hundreds of sparks can be given without renewing
the metal, which, however, can be replaced when the original
is worn out.
A simple attachment permits the lamp being used as a
stand lamp, and a pneumatic release can also be supplied if
firing it at a distance.
PRICE LIST
"Agfa" Improved Flashlamp $2.00
Stand and Wire Release . . 1.50
44 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Stand Development
We doubt if any one desiring to develop by stand method
has the intention of making it a scientific pursuit, it is far
rather a method of convenience in which it is also distinguished
from Time, or Factorial Development.
Stand Development, as we hereafter describe, is purely
and simply the placing of places in a more or less dilute devel-
oper, and examining them from time to time to see if they are
done; by this means a batch of various exposures may all be
developed in the same tank, and as the more fully exposed plates
become sufficiently developed they are removed and the others
left until completed or transferred to a stronger solution.
There is no doubt that this method produces a series of
very level negatives and may suit many workers when once
they have found the developer which produces the result they
require. But it is reducing development to a mechanical pro-
cess and gives very little scope for individuality.
Formulae for this method are given under "Agfa"-Glycin
and "Agfa"-Rodinal, and a very useful table is given under
this last heading showing the approximate time required at
various temperatures.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 4$
Time, or
Factorial Development
Time Development is perhaps more scientific and is per-
formed by ascertaining a "factor" or number which is multi-
plied by the minutes or seconds of the time taken for the first
indication of an image to appear ; thus, the factorial numbers
for the various developers are as follows :
! "Agfa"- Amidol 18
"Agfa"-Eikonogen 9
"Agfa"-Glycin 10
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 5
"Agfa"-Pyro-Soda 5
"Agfa"-Imogen-Sulphite 5
"Agfa"-Metol 30
"Agfa"-Metol-Hydrokinone 14
"Agfa"-Ortol 10
"Agfa"-Rodinal 30
so that supposing the image appears on the plate in a solution
of "Agfa"-Eikonogen in 30 seconds, the dish may be covered
up and rocked for 4^2 minutes and the plate then transferred
to the fixing bath without examination, as it would be fully
developed. At least that is the theory, and is no doubt correct
with an even exposure all over the plate. But with a plate that
has been exposed on a contrasty subject it is well to examine
it and decide if the result is what is desired.
These factorial numbers do not indicate the speed of the
developer. For instance, to the novice "Agfa"-Metol and
"Agfa"-Rodinal would appear rather slow, whereas they are
two most rapid developers, and it is owing to the extraordinary
rapidity of the first appearance of the image that they require
such high factorial numbers.
Formulae
for
Film Development
THE "AGFA" BOOK 47
•Atfa" Flat Film.
We recommend
"Agfa"-Rodinal Formula Page 26
"Agfa"Metol-Hydro Formula Page 7
"Agfa"-Pyro Formula Page 22
48 THE "AGFA" BOOK
Ansco Film.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDROKINONE.
Water 64 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 25 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Granular) Y± oz.
Sodium Carbonate V* oz.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 45 grs.
Potassium Bromide 6 grs.
The chemicals must be added and thoroughly dissolved
in the order given. From this stock solution enough is taken
to fill the tray. The stock solution will keep indefinitely if in
full bottles tightly stoppered.
FOR TWENTY MINUTE TANK DEVELOPMENT,
TEMPERATURE 65°.
Dissolve the chemicals in order named in about 6 ozs. of
lukewarm water, then add the balance of the water cold.
SMALL SIZE TANK.
"Agfa"-Pyro 10 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd.) 30 grs.
Carbonate of Soda (Anhyd.) 20 grs.
Water 16 ozs.
THREE AND ONE-HALF INCH TANK
"Agfa"-Pyro 22 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd.) 66 grs.
Carbonate of Soda (Anhyd.) 44 grs.
Water 34 ozs.
FIVE INCH TANK.
"Agfa"-Pyro 30 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd.) 90 grs.
Carbonate of Soda (Anhyd.) 60 grs.
Water . . .46 ozs
THE "AGFA" BOOK 49
FOR TEN MINUTE TANK DEVELOPMENT,
TEMPERATURE 65°.
SMALL SIZE TANK.
"Agfa"-Pyro '. 20 grs.
Sulphite of Soda (Anhyd.) 60 grs.
Carbonate of Soda (Anhyd.) 40 grs.
Water 16 ozs.
THREE AND ONE-HA.LF INCH TANK.
'Agfa"-Pyro 44 grs.
Sulphite of Soda (Anhyd.) 132 grs.
Carbonate of Soda (Anhyd.) 88 grs.
Water 34 grs.
FIVE INCH TANK.
"Agfa" Pyro 60 grs.
Sulphite of Soda (Anhyd.) 180 grs.
Carbonate of Soda (Anhyd.) 120 grs.
Water 46
ozs.
50 THE "AGFA" BOOK
Barnet Film.
"AGFA"-PYRO-SODA FORMULA
Solution No. 1.
Water (Distilled) 80 ozs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
Potassium Bromide 60 grs.
Nitric Acid 20 drops
Time 20 min.
Temperature 65 deg.
Solution No. 2.
Water, Distilled) 80 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite 9 ozs.
Sodium Carbonate 8 ozs.
Time 20 min.
Temperature 65 deg.
For use take equal parts of 1 and 2.
"AGFA"-RODINAL TANK DEVELOPMENT.
"Agfa"- Rodinal 1 oz.
Water 40 ozs.
Time 20 min.
Temperature 65 deg.
"AGFA"-ORTOL TANK DEVELOPMENT.
Water 20 ozs.
"Agfa"-Ortol 10 grs.
Potassium Metabisulphite 5 grs.
Sodium Sulphite 65 grs.
Sodium Carbonate 65 grs.
Time 30 min.
Temperature 65 deg.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 51
Eastman Film.
Solution No. 1.
Water 28 ozs.
Sulphuric Acid 20 drops.
"Agfa"-Pyro ' 1 oz.
Solution No. 2.
Water 28 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite (Desiccated) 3 ozs.
Sodium Carbonate (Desiccated) 2 ozs.
For dark room development take:
Solution No. 1 ^2 oz.
Solution No. 2 y* oz.
Water 4 ozs.
For Kodak Developing Machine, Brownie Developing Box
(6 minute development) or Kodak Film Tank (10 minute de-
velopment) take the following proportions:
Solution No. 1 1 oz.
Solution No. 2 1 oz.
Water 10 ozs.
For Kodak Film Tank (20 minute development) take the
following proportions :
Solution No. 1 1 oz.
Solution No. 2 1 oz.
Water 22 ozs.
Temperature 65 deg.
"AGFA"-GLYCIN FOR TANK DEVELOPMENT.
Stock Solution.
Water 35 ozs.
"Aga"-Glycin 120 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 360 grs.
Sodium Carbonate (Anhyd) 360 grs.
52 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
To develop take :
Stock Solution 10 ozs.
Water 30 ozs.
Time 20 min.
Temperature 65 deg.
"AGFA"-ORTOL FOR TANK DEVELOPMENT.
Water 20 ozs.
"Agfa"-Ortol 10 grs.
Potassium Metabisulphite 5 grs.
Sodium Sulphite 65 grs.
Sodium Carbonate 65 grs.
Time 30 min.
Temperature 65 deg.
"AGFA"-RODINAL FOR TANK DEVELOPMENT.
"Agfa"-Rodinal 1 oz.
Water 100 ozs.
Time (Landscape) 30 min.
Time (Architectural) 23 min.
Time (Portrait) 18 min.
Temperature .',..65 deg.
THE "AGFA" BOOK 53
.
Ensign Film.
"AGFA"-PYRO SODA FORMULA.
Stock Solution.
Water 8 ozs.
Nitric Acid ' 20 drops.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
Solution No. 1.
Stock Solution 2 ozs.
Water . ..20 ozs.
Solution No. 2.
Water 20 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite (Cryst) 2l/2 ozs.
Sodium Carbonate (Cryst) 21/^ ozs.
For use take equal parts of No. 1 and No. 2. For known over-
exposure take two parts No. 1 to one part No. 2.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDRO FORMULA.
Water 35 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 100 grs.
"Agfa"- Hydrokinone 120 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 21/^ ozs.
Sodium Carbonate 2l/2 ozs.
Potassium Bromide 7 grs.
For use take one part of the above solution to four parts of water.
"AGFA"-METOL GLYCIN FOR TANK DEVELOPMENT.
Hot water 96 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 40 grs.
"Agfa"-Glycin 20 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 75 grs.
Potassium Carbonate 300 grs.
Time 45 min.
Temperature 65 deg.
«AGFA"-RODINAL FOR TANK DEVELOPMENT.
"Agfa"-Rodinal 1 oz.
Water 40 ozs.
Time 20 min.
Temperature 65 deg.
54 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Lumiere Film.
"AGFA"-METOL FORMULA.
Solution A.
Temperature 65 to 70 degrees Factor 25.
Water (Distilled) 16 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite (Dry) 1 oz.
"Agfa"-Metol 120 grs.
Solution B.
Water (Distilled) 16 ozs.
Carbonate Potassium 2 ozs.
For use take 4 ozs. Solution A, 1 oz. Solution B and 5 ozs. Dis-
tilled Water.
"AGFA"-RODINAL FORMULA.
Factor 30.
«Agfa"-Rodinal *A oz.
Water 10 ozs.
"AGFA"-GLYCIN FORMULA.
Solution A.
Temperature 65 to 70 Degrees Factor 8.
Water (Distilled) 16 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite (Dry) *A oe.
"Agfa"-Glycin 160 grs.
Dissolve Glycin in hot water.
Solution B.
Water (Distilled) 24 ozs.
Carbonate Potassium 3 ozs.
For use take 2 ozs. Solution A, 3 ozs. Solution B.
Formulae
for
Dry Plate Development
56 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
"Agfa" Plates.
Ordinary "Agfa" Plates.
We recommend
"Agf a"-Rodinal Formula ............. Page 26
"Agfa"-Metol Formula ............... Page 7
"Agfa"-Eikonogen Formula .......... Page 14
"Agfa"-Metol-Hydro Formula ........ Page 7
" Chromo Plates.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDRO FORMULA.
"Agfa"-Metol .................................. 48 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone ......................... 72 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (cryst.) ..................... 2 ozs.
Potassium Carbonate ....................... 192 grs.
Potassium Bromide .......................... 10 grs.
Water ..................................... 20 ozs.
"AGFA"-RODINAL FORMULA.
"Agfa"-Rodinal ............................... 20 grs.
Water ...................................... 1 oz.
Isolar Plates.
We recommend
"Agfa"-Rodinal Formula ............. Page 26
"Agfa"-Eikonogen Formula .......... Page 14
"Agfa"-Glycin Formula .............. Page 17
"Agfa"-Pyro Formula ............... Page 22
"Agfa" Ghromo Isolar Plates.
We recommend
"Agfa"-Rodinal Formula ............. Page 26
"Agfa"-Eikonogen Formula ......... Page 14
"Agfa"-Pyro Formula ............... Page 22
"Agfa"-Metol-Hydro Formula ........ Page 7
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 57
Barnet Plates.
If the exposure of the plate has been correct, then the
development is simple enough. Development of a Barnet
Ortho Plate should be carried a little further than might be
considered necessary for a non-ortho plate, and if fully ex-
posed the result will be soft and well graded.
"AGFA"-PYRO SODA FORMULA.
(Strongly Recommended.)
Stock Solution A. — Dissolve 100 grains of Potassium
Meta-Bisulphite in water and then add 1 oz. of "Agfa"-Pyro
and 60 grains of Potassium Bromide and make up with water
to measure 8 oz.
DEVELOPER.
No. 1 Solution.
Stock Solution A 2 ozs.
Water 18 ozs.
No. 2 Solution.
Soda Carbonate, Crystal 2 ozs.
Soda Sulphite 2% ozs.
Water, to make 20 ozs.
For use, take equal parts of Nos. 1 and 2.
ONE SOLUTION "AGFA"-METOL-HYDRO FORMULA.
"Agfa"-Metol 25 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 20 grs.
Soda Sulphite l/2 oz.
Soda Carbonate y2 oz.
Potass. Bromide 10 grs.
Water, to make up to 10 ozs.
Be careful that the developer is neither too warm nor too
cold ; a good temperature is from 60 to 65 degrees.
Rinse the plate thoroughly after development to prevent
stains and fix.
58 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Cramer Plates.
"AGFA"-PYRO FORMULA.
A.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
Oxalic Acid 12 grs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
B.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
Cramer's Dry Sulphite of Soda 2 ozs.
(Which will test 60 deg. by hydrometer.)
If negatives are too yellow use more Sulphite.
C.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
Cramer's Dry Carbonate of Soda 1 oz.
(Which will test 30 deg. by hydrometer.)
Mix for immediate use, A, 1 oz. ; B, 1 oz. ; C, 1 oz. ; Water (65
to 70 de. F. ), 10 ozs.
In summer the developer should be used cooler (about
60° Fahr.) or with more water. In winter it should be used
warmer (about 75° Fahr.) or with less water. Less water
hastens development and increases contrast. More water
slows development, gives less contrast and is better for short
exposures.
If Cramer's Dry Carbonate of Soda is used, Solution C
as given above is of the proper strength. When other brands
are used it may be necessary to vary the strength of this solu-
tion, bearing in mind that an excess of Carbonate blocks the
lights and increases contrasts.
"AGFA"-PYRO TANK FORMULA.
A.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
Citric Acid 20 grs.
Cramer's Dry Sulphite of Soda ^ oz.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. t 59
B.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
Cramer's Dry Sulphite of Soda 2 ozs.
(Which will test 60 deg. by hydrometer.)
C.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
Cramer's Dry Carbonate of Soda 2 ozs.
(Which will test 60 deg. by hydrometer.)
Mix for immediate use, A, 1 oz. ; B, 1 oz.; C, 1 oz.; Water (at
50 deg. Fahr), 50 ozs.
"AGFA"-RODINAL TANK FORMULA.
Water (at 50 deg. Fahr.) 100 ozs.
"Agfa"-Rodinal 1 oz.
In addition to the normal formulas described in the pre-
ceding chapter the following formulas are selected from the
great many now in use. Any other good developer can be em-
ployed, provided its strength is regulated to suit the plate.
"AGFA"-ORTOL FORMULA.
In One Solution.
Pure Water 60 ozs.
"Agfa"-Ortol 300 grs.
Bromide of Potassium 20 grs.
Cramer's Dry Sulphite of Soda 3 ozs.
Cramer's Dry Carbonate of Soda \l/2 ozs.
For use, mix 1 part of this Stock Solution and Water, 1 to 2
parts for winter use, or 2 to 4 parts for summer use, according to
density desired.
The "Agfa"-Ortol Developer can be used repeatedly and
keeps well, particularly if the stock solution is put up in small
bottles quite full and tightly corked to exclude air. Dilute with
water when wanted for use. Always carry the development
far enough to insure good printing quality.
60 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
"AGFA"-HYDROKINONE-METOL FORMULA.
A.
Pure Water 25 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 30 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinon 90 grs.
Cramer's Dry Sulphite of Soda 1 oz.
B.
Pure Water 25 ozs.
Cramer's Dry Carbonate of Soda y2 oz.
(Which will test 10 deg. by hydrometer.)
For use mix A and B in equal parts. Can be used repeatedly.
SAME FORMULA IN ONE SOLUTION.
A and B mixed in equal parts keeps well. The above in-
gredients can all be put together in one solution. With fresh
developer it may be necessary to add to each ounce 1 drop of
Bromide of Potassium solution (containing 1 part of Bromide
Potassium to 10 parts of water).
NOTE. — This is a very fine and desirable developer. It
should not be used too old or too much diluted, as it is then
liable to produce peculiar streaks and blotches.
Solution B can be replaced by an equal quantity of diluted
Acetone (Cramer's Liquid Acetone) to 20 parts of water.
"AGFA"-EIKONOGEN FORMULA.
A.
Pure Hot Water 60 ozs.
"Agfa"-Eikonogen 1 oz.
Cramer's Dry Sulphite of Soda 2 ozs.
B.
Pure Water 60 ozs.
Cramer's Dry Carbonate of Soda 2 ozs.
(Which will test 16 deg. by hydrometer.)
For use take A, 3 ozs.; B, 1 oz.
This developer works best after being used a few times.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 61
When starting with fresh solution, add some old, or if no
old is on hand, add to each ounce 1 drop of a 10% Bromide of
Potassium solution to make it work clear. For short exposures
use 3 ozs. A, ^2 oz. B.
"AGFA"-HYDROKINONE-EIKONOGEN FORMULA.
A.
Pure Hot Water 48 ozs.
Cramer's Dry Sulphite of Soda ll/2 ozs.
"Agfa"-Eikonogen 1 oz.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone % oz.
B.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
Cramer's Dry Carbonate of Soda 1 oz.
(Which will test 30 deg. by hydrometer.)
For use take A, 3 ozs.; B, 1 oz.; Water (at 65 deg. to 70 deg.
Fahr.), 10 ozs.
A few drops of Bromide of Potassium solution should be
added if the developer is quite fresh.
"AGFA"-PYRO-METOL FORMULA.
A.
Pure Water 30 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 1 oz.
Citric Acid 40 grs.
"Agfa"-Pyro ^ oz.
Bromide of Potassium 20 grs;
Cramer's Dry Sulphite of Soda 54 oz.
B.
Pure Water 30 ozs.
Cramer's Dry Sulphite of Soda 4 ozs.
(Which will test 64 deg. by hydrometer.)
62 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
C.
Pure Water 30 ozs.
Cramer's Dry Carbonate of Soda 4 ozs.
(Which will test 64 deg. by hydrometer.)
For use take A, ^ oz.; B, y* oz. ; C, ^ oz.; Water (at 65 deg.
to 70 deg. Fahr.), 10 to 20 ozs.
A, B and C may be added together and keep well in one
solution, which should be diluted for use with from 6 to 12
parts of water.
TROPICAL DEVELOPER.
FOR HOT CLIMATES WHERE NO ICE IS AVAILABLE.
Pure Water 50 ounces.
Cramer's Dry Sulphite of Soda 1 oz.
Bromide of Potassium 20 grs.
Citric Acid 20 grs.
For use : To 4 oz. of of the above solution add 10 grs. dry
"Agfa"-Amidol. Before developing place the plate in Water, 60 parts,
Formalin, 1 part, for about three minutes, then rinse well and place
in the developer. Fix in the Acid Fixing and Hardening Bath.
"AGFA"-RODINAL FORMULA.
For use : Dilute 1 part with 20 to 40 parts water for tray
development or 1 part with 100 parts water for tank develop-
ment.
FORMULAE FOR TRANSPARENCIES
(LANTERN SLIDES).
"AGFA"-HYDROKINONE.
Pure Water 20 ozs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 60 grs.
Cramer's Dry Sulphite of Soda 120 grs.
Bromide of Potassium 6 grs.
Citric Acid 6 grs.
Cramer's Dry Carbonate of Soda 1 oz.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 63
"AGFA"-HYDROKINONE AND PARAMIDOPHENOL.
A.
Pure Water 32 ozs.
Cramer's Dry Sulphite of Soda 6 ozs.
"Agfa"-Paramidophenol v 240 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 240 grs.
Bromide of Potassium 120 grs.
B.
Water 32 ozs.
Caustic Potash 240 grs.
For use mix equal parts A and B.
Both formulas are excellent for producing clear, brilliant
transparencies and slides.
64 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Eastman Dry Plates.
"AGFA"- PYRO FORMULA FOR TRAY DEVELOPMENT.
Stock Solution A.
Water 8 ozs.
Oxalic Acid 10 grs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
Stock Solution B.
Water 16 ozs.
Eastman Sulphite Soda (hydrometer test 60) 2 ozs.
Stock Solution C.
Water 16 ozs.
Eastman Carbonate Soda (hydrometer test 40) . . \l/2 ozs.
To develop use A, l/2 oz. ; B, 1 oz. ; C, 1 oz. ; water, 7 ozs.
"AGFA"-METOL-HYDRO FORMULA FOR TRAY DEVELOP-
MENT.
Stock Solution.
Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 30 grs.
Eastman Sulphite Soda */2 oz.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 30 grs.
Eastman Carbonate of Soda % oz.
Dissolve chemicals in order given.
To develop use Stock Solution, 1 oz.; water, 7 ozs.
The temperature of Developer should be from 65 to 70
degrees.
NOTE. — If other brands of desiccated Carbonate of Soda
are used, a greater quantity will be required. If crystal sodas
are used, take about three times the quantity of carbonate and
double the quantity of sulphite.
Carbonate of Soda has a decided action as regards the
density of the negative. An increased amount will increase
the density of the negative.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 65
If the Carbonate of Soda be added to the developer in
excessive quantities, it will neutralize the action of the pre-
servative (Sulphite Soda) and have a tendency to produce
yellow negatives.
"AGFA"-PYRO FORMULA FOR TANK DEVELOPMENT.
For 4 by 5 Eastman Plate Tank.
"Agfa"-Pyro 22 grs.
Eastman's Sulphite of Soda (desiccated) 66 grs.
Eastman's Carbonate of Soda (desiccated) 44 grs.
Dissolve the chemicals in order named in 5 or 6 ozs. of
lukewarm water, then add cold water to fill tank to lower
embossed line, making 26 ozs. of solution.
Temperature of Developer, 65 degrees Fahr. Develop
15 minutes.
66 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Hammer Plates.
"AGFA"-METOL PYRO FORMULA.
No. 1.
Pure Water 28 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 70 grs.
Sulphite Soda, Anhydrous 5 ozs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
Dissolve the above; then add 15 grains Oxalic Acid, dis-
solved in Y$ ounce water.
No. 2.
Pure Water 28 ozs.
Carbonate Soda (Pure Dry) 3 ozs.
Tray Development.
To develop take 1 oz. of No. 1, 1 oz. of No. 2, 12 to 14 ozs. water.
In winter use less water to develop and in summer use
more water; temperature 50 degrees, and add a few drops of
a 10% solution of bromide potassium.
To regulate the color of the negatives, use more or less
sulphite in No. 1.
This developer will not stain or poison the hands and acts
raipdly.
Tank Development.
To develop take 2 ozs. of No. 1, 2 ozs. of No. 2, 120 ozs. of water.
Temperature 50 degrees, and add l/2 ounce of a 10% solu-
tion of bromide potassium. Development 30 to 40 minutes.
"AGFA"-PYRO FORMULA.
Water 16 ozs.
Sulphite Soda (Crystals) 4 ozs.
Oxalic Acid 20 grs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
B.
Water 16 ozs.
Carbonate Soda (Crystals) 3 ozs.
To develop take 4 drams of A, 4 drams of B, 8 to 10 ozs. of water.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 67
"AGFA"-PYRO ACETONE FORMULA.
Clear, clean and quick; for hot climates. The film does
not soften during development. Washed negatives dry quickly.
No. 1.
Water ' 231A ozs.
Sulphite Soda (Anhydrous) 8 ozs.
Hydrometer test, 75 degrees.
No. 2.
Water 24 ozs.
Oxalic Acid 15 grs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
For use take 5 ozs. water. 1 oz. No. 1, l/2 oz. No. 2, 2 drams Ace-
tone (Liquid).
Do not keep the plate out of the developer long while
developing or streaks will result. Acid Chrome-Alum Fixing
Bath is best.
"AGFA"-EIKONOGEN HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
As used on Hammer Plates by prominent photographers. Very fine.
No. 1.
Pure Water 64 ozs.
"Agfa"-Eikonogen 1 oz.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone % oz.
Sulphite of Soda (Crystals) 2J4 ozs.
No. 2.
Pure Water 64 ozs.
Carbonate of Potash (Dry) 2*6 ozs.
To develop take 2 ozs. of No. 1 and 1 oz. of No. 2.
Add old developer (solution previously used) in sufficient
quantity to produce best results.
"AGFA"-ORTOL FORMULA.
No. 1.
"Agfa"-Ortol 160 grs.
Water to make . 16 ozs.
68 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
No. 2.
Carbonate Soda (C. P.) 240 grs.
Sulphite Soda (Anhydrous) 120 grs.
Water 16 ozs.
For use take 1 oz. No. 1, 1 oz. of No. 2, and 6 ozs. of water.
If less water is used, it will give denser negatives; more
water will give softer negatives.
"AGFA"-METOL-PYRO FORMULA.
No. 1.
Water 27 ozs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
"Agfa"-Metol 60 grs.
No. 2.
Carbonate Soda testing 40 deg.
No. 3.
Sulphite Soda testing 70 to 80 deg.
For use take 1 oz. of No. 1, 1 oz. of No. 2, 1 oz. of No. 3 and
8 to 12 ozs. water.
"AGFA"-METOL-PYRO FORMULA.
No. 1.
Sulphite of Soda Hydrometer testing 80 deg.
No. 2.
Carbonate of Soda Hydrometer testing 40 deg.
No. 3.
Water .12 ozs.
"Agfa"-Pyro & oz.
"Agfa"-Metol Y4 oz.
Sulphite of Soda 60 grs.
Citric Acid 40 grs.
To develop take No. 1, l/2 oz.; No. 2, l/3 oz.; No. 3, 2 drams.;
water, 6 to 8 ozs.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 69
"AGFA"-PYRO FORMULA WITH CARBONATE OF POTASH.
No. 1.
Pure Water 32 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhydrous).., 4 ozs.
Carbonate of Potash (C. P.) 1 oz.
No. 2.
Pure Water 24 ozs.
Oxalic Acid (dissolved first) 15 grs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
To develop take 1 oz. of No. 1, y*. oz. of No. 2 and 6 to 8 ozs.
of Pure Water.
When the plate is fully developed and you find the high
lights too thin, use less water in the developer; if too dense
use more water.
"AGFA"-RODINAL FORMULA.
For Tray Development use 1 ounce in 20 to 30 ounces
water ; for Tank Development use 1 ounce in 80 to 100 water.
"AGFA"-GLYCIN FORMULA.
No. 1.
"Agfa"-Glycin 123 grs.
Sulphite Soda 370 grs.
Water (hot, 200 deg.) 7 ozs.
Let cool, then add —
Carbonate Potassium 46 grs.
No. 2.
Carbonate Potassium 616 grs.
Water 14 ozs.
To develop take 1 oz. of No. 1, 1 oz. of No. 2 and 3 ozs of water.
70 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
FORMULAE FOR LANTERN SLIDE PLATES.
"AGFA"-HYDROKINONE.
No. 1.
Water (boiled or distilled) 20 ozs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 150 grs.
Metabisulphite of Potash 10 grs.
Bromide of Potassium 50 grs.
No. 2.
Water (boiled or distilled) 20 ozs.
Sulphite of Soda (dry) 2 ozs.
Caustic Soda 100 grs.
For use take equal parts of No. 1 and No. 2.
"AGFA"-EIKONOGEN-HYDROKINONE.
No. 1.
Water (pure and hot) 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Eikonogen 110 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 70 grs.
Sulphite Soda (dry) 1% ozs.
No. 2.
Water (pure) 16 ozs.
Carbonate Potassium I1/* ozs.
Allow solutions to cool before using.
For use take 3 ozs. of No. 1 and 1 oz. of No. 2, adding a
few drops of 10% Bromide of Potassium solution. This will
develop about five plates ; then add some fresh developer in
same proportion as before.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 71
Ilford Plates.
"AGFA"-PYRO SODA FORMULA.
Stock Solution.
Water Sy2 ozs.
Potassium Metabisulphite 70 grs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
Solution No. 1.
Stock Solution 2 ozs.
Water to make up to 20 ozs.
Solution No. 2.
Sodium Carbonate (Cryst) 2 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite (Cryst) 2 ozs.
Potassium Bromide 20 grs.
Water to make up to 20 ozs.
For use take equal quantities of solution No. 1 and No. 2.
"AGFA"-HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Solution No. 1.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 180 grs.
Sodium Sulphite 2 ozs.
Water to make up to 20 ozs.
Solution No. 2.
Potassium Carbonate \l/2 ozs.
Potassium Bromide 30 grs.
Water to make up to 20 ozs.
For use mix equal parts of 1 and 2.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Solution No. 1.
"Agfa"-Metol 60 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 90 grs.
Potassium Metabisulphite 90 grs.
Water to make up to 20 ozs.
72 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Solution No. 2.
Sodium Carbonate (Cryst) 2 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite (Cryst) 2 ozs.
Potassium Bromide 20 grs.
Water to make up to 20 ozs.
For use mix equal parts 1 and 1.
"AGFA"-AMIDOL FORMULA.
"Agfa"-Amidol 175 grs.
Potassium Bromide SO grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Cryst) 4 ozs.
Water to make up to 20 ozs.
For use mix with 2 to 3 times volume of water.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 73
•
Lumiere Plates.
"AGFA"-METOL FORMULA.
Temperature 65 to 70 degrees Factor 25
Solution A.'
Water (Distilled) 16 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite (Dry) 1 oz.
Agfa"-Metol 120 grs.
Solution B.
Water (Distilled) 16 ozs.
Carbonate Potassium 2 ozs.
For use take 4 ozs. solution A, 1 oz. solution B and 5 ozs.
distilled water.
"AGFA"-RODINAL FORMULA.
Factor 30.
"Agfa"-Rodinal ft oz.
Water 10 ozs.
"AGFA"-GLYCIN FORMULA.
Temperature 65 to 70 degrees Factor 8
Solution A.
Water (Distilled) :-. 16 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite (Dry) % oz.
"Agfa"-Glycin 160 grs.
Dissolve Glycin in hot water.
Solution B.
Water (Distilled) 24 ozs.
Carbonate Potassium 3 ozs.
For use, take 2 ozs. solution A, 3 ozs. solution B.
"AGFA"-PYRO.
Solution A.
Water (Distilled) .16 ozs.
Oxalic Acid 15 grs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
This solution keeps better if Sodium Bisulphite 80 grs.
be used instead of Oxalic Acid.
74 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Solution B.
Water 16 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 2 ozs.
Hydrometer Test 60.
Solution C.
Water 12 ozs.
Sodium Carbonate 1 oz.
Hydrometer Test 40.
Solution D.
Water 10 ozs.
Potassium Bromide 1 oz.
All our "Agfa"-Pyro formulae for tank development are
adapted to a temperature of 65 degrees and 30 minutes' dura-
tion of development.
For each degree above or below 65 add to or substract
from the time of development one minute. The temperature
should never exceed, otherwise fog and yellow stain are liable
to appear. Use a reversible tank and reverse same three to
five times during development.
It is essential to assure a complete mixing of the chemicals
before developing; also to rinse the plates thoroughly before
fixing.
Mix for immediate use
Solution
Solution
Solution
Water
The more water the less contrast.
In cold weather use less water (5 to 6).
In hot weather use more water (8 to 10).
For negatives to be printed on developing paper use 8 to
9 ozs. of water.
When the negatives are found too yellow, use \l/2 ozs. of
solution B. If too brown use less.
L A
1
oz
i B
1
oz.
i C
1
oz
7
ozs.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 75
FOR THIRTY MINUTES' TANK DEVELOPMENT.
Solution A 2 ozs.
Solution B 2 ozs.
Solution C \l/2 ozs.
Solution D ; 2 drams.
Water 64 ozs.
For Sigma Plates increase the quantity of each A, B and
C by l/2 oz.
"AGFA"-PYRO ACETONE FORMULA.
Mix for immediate use
Solution A 1 oz.
Solution B 2 ozs.
Acetone 3 drams.
Water 8 ozs.
Factor &
This developer works without danger of frilling and gives
brilliant negatives. It does not stain.
FOR THIRTY MINUTES' TANK DEVELOPMENT.
Solution A 2 ozs.
Solution B 4 ozs.
Acetone l/2 oz.
Solution D 2 drams.
Water 64 ozs.
FOR SIGMA PLATES THIRTY MINUTES' TANK
DEVELOPMENT.
Solution A 2l/3 ozs.
Solution B 4 ozs.
Acetone 5 drams.
Solution D 2 drams.
Water . 64 ozs.
76 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Seed Plates.
"AGFA"-PYRO FORMULA.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
Oxalic Acid 10 grs.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
Sulphite of Soda (Anhyd) 2 ozs.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
Carbonate of Soda (Anyhd) 2 ozs.
Use A, 1 oz. ; B, 1 oz. ; C, 1 oz. ; Pure Water, 7 ozs.
In very cold dark-rooms use 5 ozs. of water. In warm
weather use 10 ozs. of water. For double-coated plates use
10 ozs. of water.
One-half oz. of B will give a warmer tone to the negative.
The best printers have a warm brownish-black color. If nega-
tives are too yellow or the shadows show the slightest stain,
not due to discolored fixing bath, use \y2 ozs. of B.
Sulphite of Soda in solution does not keep well. Solu-
lutions over one month old should not be expected to be full
strength if not made with pure water and kept in well-stoppered
bottles.
"AGFA"-EIKONOGEN-HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
A.
Pure Water 48 ozs.
Sulphite of Soda 2 ozs.
"Agfa"-Eikonogen 240 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 60 grs.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 77
B.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
Carbonate of Soda 2 ozs.
Use A, 3 ozs.; B, 1 oz.
For double-coated plates add 4 ozs. of Pure Water.
Use more Water in hot weather.
NOTE. — If more concentrated developer is desired in order
to secure more contrast, the water in Solution A may be re-
duced to 32 ozs.
Use boiling water in making up this developer. In cold
weather a little glycerine could also be added to prevent pre-
cipitation.
"AGFA"-METOL-HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
A.
Pure Water 64 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 120 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 120 grs.
Sulphite of Soda 2 ozs.
B.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
Carbonate of Soda 2 ozs.
Use A, 4 ozs.; B, 1 oz.; Pure Water, 4 ozs.
Dissolve in the order given. "Agfa"-Metol should always
be dissolved in water before the Sulphite is added, or before it
is mixed with Sulphite solution, otherwise it may precipitate.
If crystal sodas are used add 15 grs. of Bromide of Potassium
to 16 ozs. of B solution.
"AGFA"-ORTOL FORMULA.
A.
Pure Water 24 ozs.
Potassium Metabisulphite 90 grs.
"Agfa"-0rtol 180 grs.
78 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
B.
Pure Water 24 ozs.
Sulphite of Soda 1 Oz.
Carbonate of Soda 1 oz.
Use equal parts of A and B.
"AGFA"-PYRO-METOL FORMULA.
A.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
"Agfa"-Metol 60 grs.
Water 22^ oz.
B.
Sulphite of Soda Test 60.
C.
Carbonate of Soda Test 50.
To develop take Water, 8 to 10 ozs. ; A, 1 oz. ; B, 1 oz. ; C, 1 oz
This developer gives softness and detail.
"AGFA"-PYRO FORMULA FOR SEED TROPICAL PLATES.
A.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
Oxalic Acid 10 grs.
B.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
Sulphite of Soda 2 ozs.
C.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
Carbonate of Soda 3 ozs.
Use A, 1 oz. ; B, 1 oz. ; C, 1 oz. ; Pure Water, 7 ozs.
Developer made up according to the above formula is
intended for use at a temperature of about 70 degrees. If
development is carried on at 85 degrees or 90 degrees the
developer must be diluted one-half by adding water, using 14
ozs. instead of 7 ozs.
Sodas in crystals may be substituted for Seed's Sodas in
this formula by using twice the weight here given.
Fix in regular Acid Fixing Bath.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 79
TANK DEVELOPER FORMULAE.
The following formulae are splendidly adapted for use
with the Plate Tank and will afford the printing quality re-
quired by the majority of the profession.
The temperature of the developer should not exceed 70
degrees Fahr. to avoid frilling. In our experience 65 degrees
Fahr. will afford the most satisfactory results.
"AGFA"-PYRO TANK FORMULA.
Stock Solution A.
Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
Oxalic Acid 10 grs.
Stock Solution B.
Water 16 ozs.
Sulphite of Soda 3 ozs.
Stock Solution C.
Water 16 ozs.
Carbonate of Soda 1 oz.
To develop, use A, 1 oz. ; B, 1 oz. ; C, 1 oz. ; Water, 61 ozs.
NOTE. — If crystal sodas are used take about three times
the quantity of Carbonate and double the quantity of Sulphite.
Temperature, 60 degrees, develop 35 minutes
Temperature, 65 degrees, develop 30 minutes.
Temperature, 70 degrees, develop 25 minutes.
"AGFA"-GLYCIN TANK FORMULA.
Stock Solution.
Hot Water (about 200 deg.) 60 ozs.
Carbonate of Soda 2 ozs.
"Agfa"-Glycin ^ oz.
Sulphite of Soda Y* oz.
Dissolve in order given.
To develop, use Stock Solution, 6 ozs.; Water, 58 ozs.
Temperature, 60 degrees, develop 30 minutes.
Temperature, 65 degrees, develop 25 minutes.
Temperature, 70 degrees, develop 20 minutes.
80 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
FORMULAE FOR LANTERN SLIDE, TRANSPARENCY
AND PROCESS PLATES— YELLOW LABEL.
"AGFA"-METOL-HYDRO FORMULA.
A.
Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 30 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 30 grs.
Sulphite of Soda 130 grs.
B.
Water 16 ozs.
Potassium Bromide 15 grs.
Sodium Carbonate 130 grs.
If the crystallized Sulphite and Carbonate are used take
twice as much of each as the formula calls for. To develop,
take equal parts of A and B. Developer should be about 70
degrees Fahr. and can be used repeatedly, but should be dis-
carded as soon as discolored, as it will then stain the film.
"AGFA"-HYDROKINONE FORMULA FOR WARM TONES.
A.
Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Kydrokinone 50 grs.
Sulphite of Soda 20 grs.
Potassium Bromide 5 grs.
Citric Acid 5 grs.
B.
Water 16 ozs.
Carbonate of Soda (Dry) 54 oz.
Caustic Soda 30 grs.
For use take equal parts of each. For still warmer tones
use more of B.
To make a lantern slide by contact from a medium dense
negative, the plate is placed in a printing frame over the nega-
tive, and if a 16 c. p. electric lamp is used, the exposure should
be about 5 seconds at a distance of 2 feet from the light. With
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 81
the "Agfa"-Metol-Hydro developer the image will appear in
about 10 seconds, and development will be complete in from
30 to 40 seconds according to the density desired.
If the "Agfa"-Hydro developer is used, expose somewhat
longer than for the "Agfa"-Metol-Hydro. Temperature of
developer should be from 70 to 75 degrees Fahr.
Always develop to a good density, as plates developed
with "Agfa"-Hydrokinone fix out somewhat. Rinse and fix.
RED LABEL.
BLACK AND BROWN TONES.
DEVELOPER FOR BLACK TONES.
No. 1.
Pure Water 24 ozs.
Sulphite of Soda 3 ozs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 150 grs.
No. 2.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
Carbonate of Potassium 2 ozs.
Bromide Potassium 15 grs.
To develop, take 3 ozs. of No. 1 and 2 ozs. of No. 2.
DEVELOPER FOR WARM TONES.
No. 1.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 50 grs.
Sulphite of Soda 50 grs.
Bromide Potassium 24 grs.
Citric Acid 6 grs.
No. 2.
Pure Water 16 ozs.
Potassium Carbonate 480 grs.
To develop take equal parts. For still warmer tones the
amount of sulphite may be reduced.
82 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Standard Dry Plates.
"AGFA"-PYRO FORMULA.
Stock Solution A.
Water 16 ozs.
Oxalic Acid 10 grs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
Stock Solution B.
Water 16 ozs.
Eastman Sulphite Soda 2 ozs.
(Hydrometer test 60.)
Stock Solution C.
Water 16 ozs.
Eastman Carbonate Soda 1 oz.
(Hydrometer test 30.)
To Develop Standard Extra, Imperial Portrait or Polychrome Plates.
Use A, 1 oz. ; B, 1 oz. ; C, 1 oz. ; water 6 ozs.
To Develop Orthonon Plates.
Use A, 1 oz. ; B, 1 oz. ; C, 1 oz. ; Water, 12 ozs.
NOTES.
When making stock solution "A" first dissolve the Oxalic
Acid in water, then add the "Agfa"-Pyro.
If other brands of desiccated Carbonate of Soda are used
a greater quantity will be required. If crystal sodas are used
take three times the quantity of carbonate and double the quan-
tity of sulphite.
ORTHONON PLATES.
These plates should be handled only in a deep ruby light;
never use a yellow or greenish-yellow light.
The usual dark-room method of development of the Or-
thonon is the same as with the ordinary plate, except that more
water is added, making the process of development much
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 83
slower. Diluting the developer is necessary so that the action
will not be too severe on the upper film before the developer
has had time to penetrate through to the under one. It is nec-
essary that both films should develop simultaneously.
Carbonate of Soda has a decided action as regards the
density of the negative. An increased amount will increase
the density. If the Carbonate of Soda be added to the devel-
oper in excessive quantities it will neutralize the action of the
preservative (Sulphite Soda) and have a tendency to produce
yellow negatives.
If developers are compounded according to the hydrom-
eter, test the instrument after purchasing, as the scale is some-
times inaccurate. A correct hydrometer should test zero in
pure water at a temperature of 70.
"AGFA"-HYDRO-METOL FORMULA.
Stock Solution.
Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 30 grs.
Sodium Sulphite *£ oz.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 30 grs.
Sodium Carbonate % oz.
To develop, use 1 part Stock Solution to 7 parts water.
"AGFA"-RODINAL-HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
No. 1 Solution.
Water 20 ozs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 2 drams.
Sodium Sulphite 1 oz.
Citric Acid S grs.
Potassium Bromide 1 dram.
No. 2 Solution.
Water 20 ozs.
Potassium Carbonate 2 ozs.
"Agfa"-Rodinal 1 oz.
For soft negatives (portraits, etc.) take equal parts No. 1,
No. 2 and water. For brilliant negatives take equal parts No.
84 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
1 and No. 2, no water. For detail, increase the quantity of B.
For density, increase the quantity of A.
"AGFA"--PYRO FORMULA FOR TANK DEVELOPMENT.
Solution No. 1.
Water 16 ozs.
Oxalic Acid 10 grs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
Solution No. 2.
Water 16 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 2 ozs.
Solution No. 3.
Water 16 ozs.
Sodium Carbonate (Anhyd) 2 ozs.
For use take 1 oz. each solution Nos. 1, 2 and 3 and 35 ozs. of
water. Time, 20 minutes. Temperature, 70 degrees.
"AGFA"-RODINAL FOR TANK DEVELOPMENT.
"Agfa"-Rodinal 1 oz.
Water 40 ozs.
Time 20 min.
Temperature 65 deg.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 85
Vulcan Dry Plates.
"AGFA'TYRO SODA FORMULA.
Stock Solution.
Water 7^ ozs.
Oxalic Acid 8 grs.
"Agfa"-Pyro 1 oz.
Soution No. 1.
Water 18 ozs.
Stock Solution 2 ozs.
Solution No. 2.
Water 20 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite ( Anhyd) J^ oz.
Sodium Carbonate (Anhyd) */2 oz.
For use take equal parts solution Nos. 1 and 2.
"AGFA"-METOL-HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Soution No. 1.
Water 20 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 25 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 50 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 1 oz.
Solution No. 2.
Water 20 ozs.
Sodium Carbonate (Anhyd) */£ oz.
Potassium Bromide 20 grs.
For use take equal parts solution Nos. 1 and 2.
For extremely short exposures the Bromide may be omitted.
For soft negatives, such as portraits or interiors, dilute the
mixed developer with an equal quantity of water.
For 15-minute tank development, either of the above de-
velopers can be used by omitting the Bromide and mixing as
follows :
Water 10 ozs.
Mixed Developer 2 ozs.
Temperature 65 deg.
Time 15 min.
*6 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
OR
Water 10 ozs.
Mixed Developer 1 oz.
Temperature 65 deg.
Time 30 min.
"AGFA"-RODINAL FOR TANK DEVELOPMENT.
"Agfa"-Rodinal 1 oz.
Water 40 ozs.
Time 20 min.
Temperature 65 deg.
"AGFA"-GLYCIN FOR TANK DEVELOPMENT.
Water 35 ozs.
"Agfa"-Glycin 120 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 360 grs.
Sodium Carbonate (Anhyd) 360 grs.
For use take one part of this solution to four parts of
water. Time, 20 minutes. Temperature, 65 degrees.
"AGFA"-ORTOL FOR TANK DEVELOPMENT.
Water 20 ozs.
"Agfa"-Ortol 10 grs.
Potassium Metabisulphite 5 grs.
Sodium Sulphite 65 grs.
Sodium Carbonate 65 grs.
Time 30 min.
Temperature 65 deg.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 87
Wellington Plates.
"AGFA"-PYRO AMMONIA FORMULA.
Solution No. 1.
Water / 10 ozs.
"Agfa" Pyrogallic Acid 1 oz.
Citric Acid 40 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Cryst) 2 ozs.
Solution No. 2.
Water 10 ozs.
Ammonia (880) 1 ozs.
Solution No. 3.
Water 10 ozs.
Ammonium Bromide 1 oz.
For use 10 minims of No. 1, 10 minims of No. 2 and 5
minims of No. 3 are taken and diluted with water to make 1
ounce.
"AGFA"-PYRO SODA FORMULA.
Solution No. 1.
Water 10 ozs.
"Agfa"-Pyrogallic Acid 1 oz.
Citric Acid 40 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Cryst) 2 ozs.
Solution No. 2.
Water 80 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite (Cryst) 8 ozs.
Sodium Carbonate (Cryst) 8 ozs.
To use, 1 oz. of No. 2, 1 dram of No. 1 and 1 oz. of water
are taken.
88 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Water 80 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol ^ oz.
Sodium Sulphite (Cryst) 4 ozs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone V* oz.
Sodium Carbonate (Cryst) 4 ozs.
For use, the strong solution is diluted with its own bulk
of water.
FORMULAE FOR PROFESSIONAL USE.
For the convenience of the Professional Photographer,
who generally prefers to mix and use his developers in equal
quantities, we give the following formulae, which are practi-
cally identical with those previously described, with the ex-
ception that the bulk has been altered accordingly.
"AGFA"-PYRO AMMONIA FORMULA.
Solution No. 1.
Water 10 ozs.
"Agfa"-Pyrogallic Acid 1 oz.
Citric Acid 40 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Cryst) 2 ozs.
Solution No. 2.
Water 10 ozs.
Ammonia Bromide l/2 oz.
Ammonia (880) 1 oz.
For use, 1 dram of No. 1, 1 dram of No.2 and 6 ozs. of
water are taken.
"AGFA"-PYRO SODA FORMULA.
Solution No. 1.
Water 80 ozs.
"Agfa"-Pyrogallic Acid 1 oz.
Citric Acid 40 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Cryst) , 2 ozs.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 89
Solution No. 2.
Water 80 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite (Cryst) 8 ozs.
Sodium Carbonate (Cryst) 8 ozs.
For studio work the most suitable developer is made by
taking 2 ozs. of No. 1, 2 ozs. of No. 2 and 2 ozs. of water.
Formulae
for
Developing Papers
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 91
Ar£o Developing Papers.
'AGFA"-METOL HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 20 gr-s.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 30 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 120 grs.
Sodium Carbonate 240 grs.
Potassium Bromide 10 per cent 25 drops.
"AGFA"-AMIDOL FORMULA.
Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Amidol 40 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 120 grs.
Potassium Bromide, 10 per cent 25 drops.
"AGFA"-METOL-ACETATE FORMULA.
Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 15 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 20 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 160 grs.
Sodium Acetate 260 grs.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDRO ANTI-FRICTION FORMULA.
Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 24 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 80 grs.
Argo Soda 480 grs.
"AGFA"-RODINAL FORMULA.
Rodinal 1 oz.
Water 15-20 ozs.
Potassium Bromide 10 per cent. 3 drops per ounce of solution
92 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Artura Papers.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Water 20 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 14 grs.
Sulphite of Soda (Dry) y2 oz.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 60 grs.
Carbonate of Soda (Dry) y^ oz.
When ready to develop add one drop of a saturated solution
of Bromide of Potash to each two ounces of developer.
"AGFA"-AMIDOL FORMULA.
Water 8 ozs.
Sulphite of Soda (Dry) 80 grs.
"Agfa"-Amidol 20 grs.
When ready to develop add one drop of a saturated solution
of Bromide of Potash to each two ounces of developer.
"AGFA"-RODINAL FORMULA.
Water 20 ozs.
"Agfa"-Rodinal 1 oz.
When ready to develop add one drop of a saturated solution
of Bromide of Potash to each four ounces of developer.
"AGFA"-ORTOL-HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Water 20 ozs-
"Agfa"-Ortol 15 grs.
Sulphite of Soda (Dry) X oz.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 45 grs.
Carbonate of Soda (Dry) */2 oz.
When ready to develop add one drop of a saturated solution
of Bromide of Potash to each ounce of developer.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 93
"AGFA"-EIKONOGEN-HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
No. 1.
Water 48 ozs.
Sulphite of Soda (Dry) 2 ozs.
"Agfa"-Eikonogen 240 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 60 grs.
No. 2.
Water 16 ozs.
Carbonate of Soda (Dry) 2 ozs.
For use take three parts of No. 1 and one part of No. 2.
When ready to develop add one drop of a saturated solution
of Bromide of Potash to each four ounces of developer.
Note that these developer formulas call for the use of a
saturated solution of Bromide of Potash instead of the 10 per
cent solution.
The foregoing developers are given with special reference to
Artura Iris, which is the most widely used brand of Artura
papers.
They are, however, suitable for all other brands of Artura
papers, excepting in the case of the "Agfa"-Metol-Hydrokinone
developer, where we would recommend the use of 20 ounces of
water in place of 40 when used for other brands than Iris.
At least enough Bromide of Potash should be used to in-
sure clear whites. Increasing the amount of Bromide will in-
crease the amount of olive tone in the prints. This applies
to all developing agents.
With "Agfa"-Eikonogen Hydrokinone developer, increasing
the amount of Bromide will increase the contrast of the print.
With the other developers, increasing the amount of Bro-
mide will not affect the contrast of the print
94 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Astro Developing Papers.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Water (Warm) 20 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 25 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 120 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 1 oz.
Sodium Carbonate (Anhyd) 1^4 ozs.
Allow to stand 24 hours before using; if used too fresh
it works flat.
In working use: Developer, 4 ounces; water, 6 ounces;
Potassium Bromide, 10 per cent, 8 to 10 drops.
To much Bromide or exhausted developer will cause green-
ish or brownish blacks.
"AGFA"-RODINAL FORMULA.
Rodinal 1 oz.
Water 15-20 ozs.
Potassium Bromide 10 per cent. 3 drops per oz. of solution.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 95
Azo Developing Papers.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Water 10 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 7 grs.
"Agfa'VHydrokinone 30 grs.
Sodium Sulphite 110 grs.
Sodium Carbonate 200 grs.
Potassium Bromide, 10 per cent 40 drops.
"AGFA"-RODINAL HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Solution A.
Water 20 ozs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 2 drams.
Citric Acid 5 grs.
Sodium Sulphite 1 oz.
Potassium Bromide 1 dram.
Solution B.
Water 20 ozs.
"Agfa"-Rodinal 1 oz.
Potassium Carbonate 2 ozs.
For soft effects take equal parts A, B and water.
For strong effects take equal parts A and B.
96 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Barnet Developing Papers.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Water 80 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 200 grs.
Sodium Sulphite 6 ozs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 150 grs.
Potassium Carbonate 2 ozs.
Potassium Bromide 50 grs.
For soft prints dilute the above with an equal amount of
water.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 97
Cyko Developing Papers.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Water (Distilled) 32 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol „ 15 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Powdered) 1 oz.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 60 grs.
Sodium Carbonate (Granular) Y* oz.
Potassium Bromide 4 grs.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDROKINONE FOR PROFESSIONAL USE.
Water (Warm) 1^ gals.
"Agfa"-Metol ^ oz.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 2 ozs.
Sodium Carbonate (Anhyd) 12 ozs.
Potassium Bromide ". 45 grs.
Dissolve each chemical thoroughly in order named. This
stock solution will keep indefinitely in full bottles, tightly
stoppered. For use, take one part Stock Solution to two
parts water.
All glossy papers are subject to abrasion or friction marks.
The developer prepared as per formula above can be rendered
non-abrasive by adding 6 grains Potassium Iodide to each
ounce of Stock Solution. The Iodide has a tendency to re-
duce the contrast of the print.
NOTE. — This formula will give blue-black tones. If warm black
tones are desired, add Y* oz. of Potassium Bromide to the Stock
Solution.
"AGFA"-ORTOL HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Those who object to Metol may use the following formula:
Warm Water (Soft or Distilled) 1^ gals.
"Agfa"-Ortol 1 oz.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone I1/* ozs.
Sodium Carbonate (Anhyd) 12 ozs.
Potassium Bromide 45 grs.
98 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Eastman's Permanent Bromide Papers.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDRO FORMULA.
Stock Solution.
Dissolve chemicals in order named, stirring constantly:
Hot Water 100 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol l/2 oz.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 2 ozs.
Sulphite of Soda (Desiccated) 7l/2 ozs.
Carbonate of Soda (Desiccated) \2l/2 ozs.
Bromide of Potassium (Cryst) 120 grs.
In cold weather, immediately after dissolving chemicals, add
13 ounces of wood alcohol to the above Stock Solution to pre-
vent precipitation.
The above formula should be prepared with desiccated soda,
preferably Eastman's ; if crystals are used, double the quantity
of both Sulphite and Carbonate of Soda.
This concentrated developer will keep indefinitely in full bot-
tles well stoppered.
TO DEVELOP.
Take in a suitable tray:
Concentrated Solution 1 oz.
Water 6 ozs.
This amount is sufficient to develop six 8x10 prints, or their
equivalent.
"AGFA"-AMIDOL FORMULA.
Concentrated Solution.
The concentrated stock solution is prepared by dissolving
in succession
Water 12 ozs.
Sulphite Soda (Desiccated) l/2 oz.
"Agfa"-Amidol 1A oz.
Enough of this stock solution should be prepared at one
time for only one day's use.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 99
TO DEVELOP.
Take in a suitable tray:
Concentrated Stock Solution ll/2 ozs.
Bromide Potassium, 10 per cent Solution 8 drops.
Water i 6 ozs.
Use developer at a temperature of about 70 degrees Fahr.
After exposure, soak the paper in water until limp and brush
lightly over the surface, while wet, with a tuft of cotton and
flow developer over the print.
The time of development should not be less than one min-
ute. Prolonged development will give yellow high-lights and
stains.
When the shadows are sufficiently black, pour off the de-
veloper and rinse the print thoroughly with pure water. In-
creasing the amount of Bromide Potassium given in our for-
mulae is sometimes necessary to prevent grayish high-lights.
100 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Ilford Bromide and Gaslight Papers.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Solution No. 1.
Water 20 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 50 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 25 grs.
Sodium Sulphite 1 oz.
Solution No. 2.
Water 20 ozs.
Sodium Carbonate (Cryst) 1 oz.
Potassium Bromide 30 grs.
For use mix equal parts No. 1 and No. 2.
"AGFA"-AMIDOL FORMULA.
Water 10 ozs.
"Agfa"-Amidol 25 grs.
Sodium Sulphite J^ oz.
Potassium Bromide as required. For Bromide and Bro-
mona Papers add 4 drops Potassium Bromide 10% solution to
each ounce of developer; for Gaslight Papers add 1 drop to
each 2 ounces.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDRO FORMULA FOR GASLIGHT PAPERS.
Water 10 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 5 grs.
Sodium Sulphite ^2 oz.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 20 grs.
Sodium Carbonate (Cryst) */2 oz.
Potassium Bromide, 10 per cent. Solution 10 drops.
THE "AGFA" TOOK.; - tl *\i rJ £ 101
Karbo Developing Papers.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Water 40 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 30 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 120 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Dried) 1 oz.
Sodium Carbonate (Dried) 1 oz.
Potassium Bromide, 10 per cent. Solution 24 oz.
Use this developer full strength for contrasty papers and
post-cards, and reduce it with an equal quantity of water for
portrait papers, in which softer effect and warmer tone are
desired.
It is sometimes desirable, in the above formula, to add a
larger quantity of Hydrokinone, which gives a stronger print
showing more contrast.
FA'' BOOK.
Kruxo Developing Papers.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Water 32 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 16 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Dried) 300 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 48 grs.
Sodium Carbonate (Dried) y^ oz.
To this add one drop of saturated solution of Bromide of
Potassium to each ounce of developer.
SEPIA TONES.
When Sepia tones are desired we would recommend the
following formula. A normal exposure with this developer
will give a warm black tone. To obtain Sepia color all that is
necessary to do is to increase the exposure to five times normal
exposure :
Water 40 ozs.
"Agfa"-Eikonogen 20 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Dried) 300 grs.
"Agfa" Hydrokinone 30 grs.
Sodium Carbonate (Dried) 300 grs.
To this add one drop or two of saturated solution of
Potassium Bromide to each ounce of developer. Fix in the
regular Acid-Hypo fixing bath and wash in the usual way.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 103
Metalotype Developing Papers.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol , 20 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 120 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 30 grs.
Sodium Carbonate (Anhyd) 240 grs.
Potassium Bromide, 10 per cent. Solution 25 drops.
"AGFA"-AMIDOL FORMULA.
Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Amidol 40 grs.
Sodium Sulphite 240 grs.
Potassium Bromide, 10 per cent. Solution 5-10 drops.
104 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Monox Bromide Papers.
"AGFA"-AMIDOL FORMULA.
Water 24 ozs.
"Agfa"-Amidol 60 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Cryst) 1 oz.
To every 8 ounces of above developer add 10 drops of
a 10% solution of Potassium Bromide. For very strong nega-
tives Potassium Bromide should be omitted, and the developer
weakened by increasing the amount of water. For soft, weak
negatives the quantity of Potassium Bromide may be doubled.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Water 30 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 20 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 90 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Cryst) l*/2 ozs.
Sodium Carbonate (Cryst) 2l/2 ozs.
Potassium Bromide, 10 per cent. Solution 1 dram.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 105
Nepera Developing Papers.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDRO FORMULA.
Hot Water 100 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol ^ oz.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone W ozs. .
Sodium Sulphite (Desiccated) 7l/2 ozs.
Sodium Carbonate (Desiccated) \2l/2 ozs.
Potassium Bromide (Cryst) 120 grs.
In cold weather, immediately after dissolving chemicals,
add 13 ounces of wood alcohol to the above stock solution to
prevent precipitation.
The above may be rendered non-abrasion by the addition
of 10 grs. of Commercial Iodide of Potassium to each ounce
of stock solution.
"AGFA"-ORTOL HYDRO FORMULA.
Hot Water 100 ozs.
"Agfa"-Ortol */2 oz.
"Agfa" Hydrokinone '. . . \l/2 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite (Desiccated) 7l/2 ozs.
Sodium Carbonate (Desiccated) \2l/2 ozs.
Potassium Bromide (Cryst) 38 grs.
The above may be rendered non-abrasion by the addition
of 5 grs. of Commercial Iodide of Potassium to each ounce of
stock solution.
106 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
P. M. C. Bromide Papers.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDRO FORMULA.
Water 48 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol y2 dram.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 10 drams.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 2 drams.
Potassium Bromide 1 dram.
Sodium Carbonate 20 drams.
To Develop Use.
Stock Solution \l/2 ozs.
Potassium Bromide, 10 per cent. Solution 8 drops.
Water 6 ozs.
For very strong negatives the Potassium Bromide should
be omitted and the developer weakened by increasing the
amount of water. For soft, weak negatives the quantity of
Potassium Bromide may be doubled.
Use developer at a temperature of about 70 degrees Fahr.
After exposure soak the paper in clear water until limp, brush
lightly over the surface while wet with a tuft of cotton and then
flow developer over the print.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 107
Velox Developing Papers.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDRO FORMULA.
Water 10 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol , 7 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 30 grs.
Sodium Sulphite (Anhyd) 110 grs.
Sodium Carbonate (Anhyd) 200 grs.
Potassium Bromide, 10 per cent. Solution 40 drops.
This solution will keep indefinitely if placed in bottles
filled to the neck and tightly corked.
It should be used full strength for "Regular." but can be
diluted with equal parts of water when "Special" Velox is
developed.
It is important that the temperature of the developing solu-
tion should be 70 degrees Fahr. In summer, if found neces-
sary to cool the developer, do not place ice in the solution, as
it will dilute it. Place the tray containing the developer into
one of larger size, packing ice around it.
The above may be rendered non-abrasion by addition of 10
grs. of Commercial Iodide of Potassium to each ounce of stock
solution.
108 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Wellington Bromide Papers.
"AGFA"-AMIDOL FORMULA.
Water 16 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite 650 grs.
"Agfa"-Amidol 50 grs.
Potassium Bromide 10 grs.
Some people keep a stock solution of Sodium Sulphite,
and take some of this when wanted and add the Amidol to it.
Long experience shows that this will not do, as Amidol when
used with stale Sulphite solution develops very slowly, and
there is a great loss of brilliancy in the prints. The developer
should, therefore, be mixed up as directed and used within
three days of mixing.
"AGFA"-METOL HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
Water 16 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 50 grs.
Sodium Sulphite 500 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 15 grs.
Potassium Carbonate 100 grs.
Potassium Bromide 10 grs.
The Metol must be dissolved in water first, and then the
other ingredients added in the order named. This developer
keeps very well in properly corked bottles.
Whatever developer is used, the print becomes flatter and
more of a brownish or greenish color the more Bromide there
is present in the developer. A weak or highly strained devel-
oper with a full exposure wields a softer and grayer result.
Vigorous images, with good, rich blacks, can only be obtained
by giving a short but sufficient exposure, and developing with
a strong but slightly restrained developer, such as those given.
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 109
Wellington Gaslight Papers.
"AGFA"-AMIDOL FORMULA.
The ingredients should be dissolved in the order named,
the Sulphite being dissolved before the "Agfa"-Amidol is added.
Water 8 ozs.
Sodium Sulphite 500 grs.
"Agfa"-Amidol 50 grs.
Potassium Bromide 2 grs.
This developer, which gives brilliant blue-black tones, will
only keep good for three days. After that time it should be
discarded, and fresh made up.
"AGFA"-METOL-HYDROKINONE FORMULA.
The ingredients should be dissolved in the order named,
the water should be cold, and one should be dissolved before
adding the next.
Water 8 ozs.
"Agfa"-Metol 10 grs.
Sodium Sulphite 350 grs.
Sodium Carbonate 350 grs.
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 30 grs.
Potassium Bromide 3 grs.
This developer keeps indefinitely in well-stoppered bottles.
110 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
The Making Up
of
Development Solutions
If distilled water only were used in making solutions of
developer, half the troubles of development would be avoided.
If river water is taken it should be boiled, cooled and filtered
before mixing, as it generally contains much vegetable and
other organic matter. Well water that is free from iron and
sulphur, and not too alkaline, may be used without boiling.
Melted ice is good, but should be filtered.
The developer should be made up with reliable chemicals
to an established formula strictly according to instructions.
When a convenient way of making up the solution has been
fixed upon, these particular weights and measures should be
used thereafter. This procedure should be so much a habit,
and the confidence in the materials used (this includes the
water) should be so based upon past experience or in the guar-
antee of reliable people, that the developer should be the last
place to look for trouble. A great many troubles laid at the
door of the developer are the results of mistakes in exposure
and lighting. The worker should be sure that his lighting
ought to give him the desired contrasts and that his exposures
are sufficient and not too great, before blaming the developer.
Miscellaneous Formulae
112 THE ''AGFA" BOOK.
NEGATIVE VARNISH.
Gum Sandarac 1 oz.
Gum Shellac 2 ozs.
Alcohol or Methylated Spirits 20 ozs.
When dissolved, decant and filter.
The negative should be slightly warmed before the varnish
is applied.
RETOUCHING VARNISH.
Alcohol 60 parts.
Sandarac 10 parts.
Camphor 1 part.
Castor Oil 2 parts.
Venice Turpentine 1 part.
DEAD BLACK VARNISH,
for blackening the inside of camera, tube, dark slides, etc.
Alcohol 8 ozs.
Lampblack 2 ozs.
Shellac 1 oz.
HOW TO BLACKEN DIAPHRAGMS, ETC.
Nitric Acid 4 ozs.
Copper Wire y± oz.
When dissolved add \% ozs. of water.
The diaphragms, etc., must be cleaned and heated and then
immersed in the acid bath. Take out and brush all the green
off, until the article shows black.
CLEARING BATH FOR PYRO STAINS.
Water 16 ozs.
Iron Sulphate 3 ozs.
Sulphuric Acid 54 oz.
Alum 1 oz.
Pyro stains on fingers may be removed by rubbing with a
large crystal of Citric Acid directly after development, before
the fingers have been dried.
THE "AGFA" BOOK 113
HOW TO REMOVE SILVER STAIN FROM NEGATIVES.
Water 1 oz.
Iodine 10 grs.
Potassium Iodide 40 grs.
When the Iodine is dissolved ' add while stirring a few
drops of a strong solution of hypo, until the solution becomes
colorless. Apply to the spot with a tuft of cotton, rubbing
gently. Rinse well and dry.
HARDENING SOLUTION.
Water 30 ozs.
Formalin 1 oz.
Immersing the negative for a few minutes in this solution
will render the gelatine perfectly insoluble, so that the negative
can be dried by artificial heat.
TEST FOR PRESENCE OF HYPO.
Potassium Permanganate 2 grs.
Potassium Carbonate 20 grs.
Distilled Water 40 ozs.
This forms a rose-colored solution. To test for presence
of hypo in prints or negatives after final washing, allow nega-
tives to drip into a small quantity of this solution ; if no change
occurs no hypo is present ; if the solution turns olive the prints
or negatives require further washing.
"PER CENT." SOLUTIONS.
In each fluid ounce of a
1 per cent. Solution there is 4.37 grs.
2 per cent. Solution there is 8.74 grs.
3 per cent Solution there is 13.11 grs.
4 per cent. Solution there is 17.48 grs.
5 per cent Solution there is 21.85 grs.
6 per cent Solution there is 26.22 grs.
114 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
7 per cent. Solution there is 30.59 grs.
8 per cent. Solution there is 34.96 grs.
9 per cent Solution there is 39.33 grs.
10 per cent. Solution there is 43.70 grs.
15 per cent. Solution there is 65.55 grs.
20 per cent. Solution there is 86.40 grs.
25 per cent. Solution there is 108.25 grs.
30 per cent Solution there is 131.10 grs.
35 per cent. Solution there is 152.95 grs.
40 per cent. Solution there is 174.80 grs.
45 per cent. Solution there is 196.65 grs.
50 per cent, Solution there is 218.50 grs.
BRILLIANT FINISH FOR BROMIDES.
Pure White Wax 1 oz.
Dammar Varnish 200 nuns.
Spirits of Turpentine 1 oz.
Rub a little on print and polish with a stiff brush.
Weights and Measures
According to Existing Standards
116
THE "AGFA" BOOK.
UNITED STATES WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
FLUID.
Gallon. Pints.
Ounces.
Drachms.
128 = 1,024 =
16 = 128 =
1 = 8 =
1 =
Mimims.
61,440
7,680
480
60
Cubic Centimetres.
= 3,785.435
= 473.179
= 29.574
= 3.697
Sixteen ounces, or a pint, is sometimes called a fluid pound.
TROY WEIGHT.
Pound. Ounces. Pennyweights. Grains.
1 = 12 = 240 = 5,760
1 = 20 = 480
1 = 24
Grams.
373.24
31.10
1.56
APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT.
Pound. Ounces. Drachms. Scruples.
1 = 12 =
96 =
8 — -
228
24
3
1
Grains.
5,760
480
60
20
1
Grams.
373.24
31.10
3.89
1.30
.06
The pound, ounce and grain are the same as in Troy
weight.
AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.
Pound
1
Ounces.
16
1
Drachms.
256
16
1
Grains (Troy)
7,000
437.5
27.34
Grams.
453.60
28.35
1.77
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 117
ENGLISH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT.
20 Grains = 1 Pound = 20 Grains
3 Scruples = 1 Scruple ' 60 Grains
8 Drachms = 1 Drachm = 480 Grains
12 Ounces = 1 Ounce = 5760 Grain*
FLUID MEASURE.
60 Minims = 1 Fluid Drachm
8 Drachms = 1 Fluid Ounce
20 Ounces = 1 Pint
8 Pints = 1 Gallon
The above weights are usually adopted in formulas.
All Chemicals are usually sold by
AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.
2711/32 Grains = 1 Drachm = 27 11/32 Grains
16 Drachms = 1 Ounce = 437J4 Grains
16 Ounces = 1 Pound = 7000 Grains
Precious Metals are usually sold by
TROY WEIGHT.
24 Grains = 1 Pennyweight = 24 Grains
20 Pennyweights = 1 Ounce = 480 Grains
12 Ounces = 1 Pound = 5760 Grains
NOTE. — An ounce of metallic silver contains 480 grains,
but an ounce of Nitrate of Silver contains only 437j/£ grains.
118 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
UNITED STATES FLUID MEASURE.
G*l. Pints. Ounces. Drachms. Mins. Cub. In. Grains. Cub. C. M.
1 — 8 = 128 = 1,024 = 61,440 = 231. = 58,328.886 = 3,785.44
1 = 16 = 128 = 7,680 = 28.875 = 7.291.1107 = 473.18
1 = 8 = 480 = 1.8047 = 455.6944 = 29.57
1 = 60 = 0.2256 = 56.9618 = 3.70
IMPERIAL BRITISH FLUID MEASURE.
Gal. Pints. Ounces. Drachms. Mins. Cub. lu. Grains. Cub. C. M.
1 — 8 = 160 = 1,280 = 76,800 = 277.27384 e= 70,000 = 4,543.732
1 = 20 = 160 = 9,600 = 34.65923 = 8,750 = 567,966
1 = 8 = 480 = 1.73296 = 473.5 = 28.398
1 = 60 = 0.21662 = 54.69 = 3.550
HANDY EMERGENCY WEIGHTS.
In an emergency, coins may be used as weights. The
weights given in the following table are near enough for all
ordinary purposes :
Dime 40 grs.
Cent 50 grs.
Nickel 80 grs.
One-quarter Dollar 100 grs.
One-half Dollar 200 grs.
One Dollar 400 grs.
By simple addition and subtraction a great many different
weights can be made with these coins. For instance, to obtain
a weight of 10 grains, place a cent on one side of the scales
and a dime on the other, and then add enough of the chemical
to balance it,
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 119
Table of Cpntents
A. PAGE.
"Agfa"-Amidol 12
"Agfa"-Blitzlicht 40
"Agfa"-Eikonogen 14
"Agfa"-Film 47
"Agfa"-Glycin 17
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 24
"Agfa"-Intensifier 32
"Agfa"-Intensiher (copper) 36
"Agfa"-Metol 7
"Agfa"-Ortol 20
"Agfa"-Pyrogallic Acid 22
"Agfa"-Rodinal 26
"Agfa"-Reducer 37
"Agfa"-Rapid Fixing Salt 34
Ansco Film 46
Artura Paper 92
Azo Paper 95
Astro Paper 94
Argo Paper 91
Avoirdupois Weight 116
Apothecaries' Weight 116
B.
Barnet Film 50
Barnet Plate 57
Barnet Paper 96
Brilliant Finish for Bromide 114
C
Clearing Bath for Pyro Stains 112
Collodion Plate Formula 10
Cramer Plate . . , 58
Cyko Paper *,-*«•«, ,,,,,,,, , , ,,,,,. , ., » t MM i ... f 1 1 » 97
120 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
D- PAGE.
Dead Black Varnish 112
E.
Ensign Film 53
Eastman Film 51
Eastman Plate 64
Eastman Bromide Paper 98
F.
Foreword 3
Frilling 6
Flashlight Proportions 41
Factorial Development 44
Fluid Measure 116
H.
Handy Emergency Weights 119
Half-tone Formula 10
Hammer Plate 66
How to Blacken Diaphrams 112
How to Remove Silver Stains 113
Hardening Solution 113
I.
Introduction 5
Illford Paper 100
Illford Plate . 71
K.
Karbo Paper 101
Kruxo Paper 102
L.
Line-work Formula 10
Lumiere Films 54
Lumiere Plates 73
THE "AGFA" BOOK. 121
M.
Making Up of Solutions 110
Metalotype Paper 103
Monox Paper 104
N.
Negative Varnish Formula 112
Nepera Paper 105
P.
Price List 120
Pinholes 5
Photo Gelatine Formula 10
Photo Micrograph Formula 17
Per Cent. Solutions 113
P. M. C. Paper 106
R.
Retouching Varnish Formula -. < 112
S.
Seed Plates 76
Specialties 25
Streaks 6
Standard Plates 82
Stand Development 44
T.
Test for Hypo 113
Troy Weight 116
V.
Velox Paper 107
Vulcan Plate 85
W.
Wellington Paper 108
White Spots 5
122 THE "AGFA" BOOK.
Index to Price List
PAGE.
"Agfa"-Amidol 13
"Agfa"-Blitzlicht 42
"Agfa"-Copper Intensifier 36
"Agfa"-Eikonegen 16
"Agfa"-Glycin 19
"Agfa"-Hydrokinone 24
"Agfa"-IntensiKer 33
"Agfa"-Improved Flashlamp 43
"Agfa"-Metol 11
"Agfa"-Ortol 21
"Agfa"-Pyrogallic Acid 23
"Agfa"-Rodinal 31
"Agfa"-Rapid Fixing Salt 35
"Agfa"-Reducer 39
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